A Window of Perception When Diverting Attention? Enhancing Recognition for Explicitly Presented, Unattended, and Irrelevant Stimuli by Target Alignment
A Window of Perception When Diverting Attention? Enhancing Recognition for Explicitly Presented, Unattended, and Irrelevant Stimuli by Target Alignment
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031210
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Doumas, Leonidas A. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dewald, Andrew D.;Sinnett, Scott;Doumas, Leonidas A. A.
研究表明，在单独的任务中，与参与的目标一致的不相关的超阈运动刺激在随后的运动方向识别任务中无法进行非法抑制控制（Tsushima, Seitz, & Watanabe, 2008）。我们将这些发现扩展到在无意失明范式中涉及更高水平的更显著刺激（书面文字）的条件。在三个实验中，参与者被要求对一系列连续呈现的线条图中立即出现的重复图片做出反应，同时忽略同时呈现的叠加单词流。紧接着，研究人员进行了一个意外测试，测量人们对无人注意的单词的认知度。在重复检测任务中，与重复图片同时出现的单词没有受到抑制，反而比与非重复图片同时出现的单词被识别的频率要高得多。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即当注意力集中时，对与目标一致的任务无关的语义项目的识别可以在随后的识别任务中得到增强。这表明，在单独的任务中，频繁暴露的、高度不相关的刺激在时间上与相关的项目一致，会产生学习效应。
Research has demonstrated that irrelevant suprathreshold motion stimuli that are aligned with attended targets in a separate task, fail to illicit inhibitory control in a subsequent motion direction discrimination task (Tsushima, Seitz, & Watanabe, 2008). We extended these findings to conditions involving higher exposure levels to a more salient stimulus (written words) in an inattentional blindness paradigm. Across three experiments, participants were required to respond to immediate picture repetitions in a stream of serially presented line drawings, while at the same time ignore a simultaneously presented stream of superimposed words. Immediately following, a surprise test was given that measured recognition for the unattended words. Words that had appeared simultaneously with a repeated picture in the repetition detection task were not inhibited, but instead recognized significantly more often than words that had appeared with nonrepeating pictures. These findings support the notion that when attention is taxed, recognition for target-aligned task-irrelevant semantic items can be enhanced in a subsequent recognition task. This indicates a learning effect for frequently exposed, high-level irrelevant-stimuli that were temporally aligned with a relevant item in a separate task.