Substrate inhibition kinetic model for West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease.

Substrate inhibition kinetic model for West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease.
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DOI:
10.1021/bi801034f
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发表时间:
2008-11-11
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Watowich SJ
Watowich SJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tomlinson SM;Watowich SJ

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西尼罗河病毒(WNV)最近在北美出现,对人类和动物构成重大疾病威胁。不幸的是,目前还没有被批准的抗病毒药物来对抗西尼罗河病毒或人类黄病毒属的其他成员。西尼罗河病毒NS2B-NS3蛋白酶是病毒复制所必需的,因此一直是抗西尼罗河病毒药物发现和设计的主要靶点之一。为了开发有效的西尼罗河病毒抑制剂,我们重新研究了NS2B-NS3蛋白酶的反应动力学和新发现的抑制剂的抑制机制。在利用荧光团连接肽底物GRR、GKR和DFASGKR的实验中,西尼罗河病毒蛋白酶显示出底物抑制作用。此外,需要一个底物抑制反应步骤来准确地模拟用肽抑制剂进行蛋白酶测定所产生的动力学数据。底物抑制模型表明肽底物可以与蛋白酶的两个结合位点结合。反应产物类似物也表现出对蛋白酶的抑制作用,表明产物抑制作用与底物抑制作用不同。我们提出小肽底物和抑制剂可能与蛋白酶残基相互作用,形成P3-P1结合表面(即S3-S1位点)或P1 ‘ -P3 ’相互作用表面(即S1 ‘ -S3 ’位点)。针对这两个独立位点的底物类似物抑制剂的优化可能会导致新的抗西尼罗河病毒药物。
West Nile virus (WNV) has recently emerged in North America as a significant disease threat to humans and animals. Unfortunately, no approved antiviral drugs exist to combat WNV or other members of the genus Flavivirus in humans. The WNV NS2B-NS3 protease has been one of the primary targets for anti-WNV drug discovery and design since it is required for virus replication. As part of our efforts to develop effective WNV inhibitors, we reexamined the reaction kinetics of the NS2B-NS3 protease and the inhibition mechanisms of newly discovered inhibitors. The WNV protease showed substrate inhibition in assays utilizing fluorophore-linked peptide substrates GRR, GKR, and DFASGKR. Moreover, a substrate inhibition reaction step was required to accurately model kinetic data generated from protease assays with a peptide inhibitor. The substrate inhibition model suggested peptide substrates could bind to two binding sites on the protease. Reaction product analogs also showed inhibition of the protease, demonstrating product inhibition in addition to, and distinct from, substrate inhibition. We propose that small peptide substrates and inhibitors may interact with protease residues that form either the P3-P1 binding surface (i.e., the S3-S1 sites) or the P1′-P3′ interaction surface (i.e., the S1′-S3′ sites). Optimization of substrate analog inhibitors that target these two independent sites may lead to novel anti-WNV drugs.
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