Age differences in the realism of confidence judgements: A calibration study using tests of fluid and crystallized intelligence
Age differences in the realism of confidence judgements: A calibration study using tests of fluid and crystallized intelligence
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DOI：
10.1016/s1041-6080(96)90027-8
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Stankov, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford, JD;Stankov, L
本研究探讨了成年人对测验题目答案正确性的信心判断的准确性或真实性的年龄差异。对97名年龄在17岁至85岁之间的受试者进行了流体智力、晶体智力、短期记忆和知觉辨别测试。对于每个测试项目，受试者给出了他们最好的答案，评估了他们对项目正确性的信心，并决定是否提交该项目进行评分。之前使用的描述受试者置信度判断（过度自信，校准，分辨率和斜率）的不同方面的措施也计算了每个测试中每个受试者的。正如预期的那样，老年人在流体智力和短期记忆的传统测量中表现不佳，但在晶体智力的测量中比年轻的受试者表现更好。年龄较大的受试者对所有类型任务的测试项目反应更慢。关于信心判断措施，老年人的主题表现出一致的倾向，更大的过度自信相比，年轻的主题。老年人在分辨率和斜率分数上的表现也一直较差，这两个分数衡量了受试者区分正确和错误答案的信心判断能力。
This study investigates adult age differences in the accuracy, or realism, of subjects' confidence judgements on the correctness of their answers to test items. Tests of fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, short-term memory and perceptual discrimination were given to 97 subjects between the ages of 17 and 85 years. For each test item subjects gave their best answer, rated their confidence that the item was correct, and decided whether to submit the item for scoring. Previously used measures describing different aspects of subjects' confidence judgements (overconfidence, calibration, resolution and slope) were also calculated for each subject on each of the tests. As expected, older people performed less well on traditional measures of fluid intelligence and short-term memory, but better than younger subjects on measures of crystallized intelligence. Older subjects responded more slowly to test items for all types of tasks. Regarding the confidence judgement measures, older subject showed a consistent tendency towards greater overconfidence compared to younger subjects. Older people also showed consistently worse performance on the resolution and slope scores, which measure the ability of the subject's confidence judgements to discriminate between correct and incorrect answers.