United in defeat: shared suffering and group bonding among football fans
United in defeat: shared suffering and group bonding among football fans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/23750472.2020.1866650
复制
发表时间：
2021-01-16
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Whitehouse, Harvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newson, Martha;Buhrmester, Michael;Whitehouse, Harvey
目的：有证据表明，最不成功的俱乐部拥有最忠诚的球迷-为什么？在这里，我们测试的“共享焦虑路径融合”（SDPF）的假设，球迷的最不成功的俱乐部成为不可避免的“融合”到他们的俱乐部和彼此，作为一个结果，共享自我和俱乐部定义的记忆，过去的defeats.Design：为了评估SDPF的假设，我们计算了最成功和最不成功的俱乐部从英国的顶级联赛，英超联赛，在10年的时间。然后，我们邀请这些俱乐部的球迷完成了一项调查（N = 752），包括定性的回忆足球赛事，定量调查措施的身份融合和心理亲属关系，和一个电车困境测量愿意牺牲一个人的自我拯救同胞supports.Findings：我们的调解模型支持的SDPF假说。水晶宫、船体、诺维奇、桑德兰和西布罗姆维奇的球迷比曼联、阿森纳、切尔西、利物浦或曼城的球迷更团结，更愿意为他们俱乐部的其他球迷牺牲自己。在各个俱乐部中，过去足球失利的记忆构成了球迷自我概念的重要组成部分，从而将它们与俱乐部融为一体。身份融合反过来预测准备放下一个人的生命，以挽救同胞球迷，这种关系是统计介导的心理kindelination.Practical影响：了解共同的痛苦可能会导致极端的债券可能有助于体育俱乐部和政策制定者管理人群行为。俱乐部将受益于定制品牌管理和球迷留住战略的SDPF假设。此外，这些研究结果提供了对受压迫或受迫害群体的动机的洞察，以及通过共同的痛苦融合的其他人，帮助我们更好地理解和管理可能导致极端自我牺牲的心理过程。研究贡献：这是第一个研究显示与足球迷有关的SDPF假设的中介支持。在我们祖先的过去，这种心理机制可能曾经将四面楚歌的觅食群体联系在一起，现在在现代世界中，它将数百万的足球迷和其他群体团结在一起。
Purpose: Evidence shows that the least successful clubs have the most committed fans - why? Here, we test the "shared-dysphoria-pathway-to-fusion" (SDPF) hypothesis that fans of the least successful clubs become irrevocably "fused" to their club and to each other, as a result of sharing self- and club-defining memories of past defeats.Design: To assess the SDPF hypothesis, we calculated the most and least successful clubs from the UK's top league, the Premier League, over a 10-year period. We then invited fans of these clubs to complete a survey (N = 752), comprising qualitative recollections of football events, quantitative survey measures of identity fusion and psychological kinship, and a trolley dilemma measuring willingness to sacrifice one's self to save fellow supporters.Findings: Our mediation model supported the SDPF hypothesis. Fans of Crystal Palace, Hull, Norwich, Sunderland, and West Bromwich Albion were more bonded and more willing to sacrifice themselves for other fans of their club than were fans of Manchester United, Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool or Manchester City. Across clubs, memories of past football defeats formed an essential part of fans' self-concepts, thus fusing them to their club. Identity fusion in turn predicted a readiness to lay down one's life to save fellow fans, and this relationship was statistically mediated by psychological kinship.Practical implications: Understanding that shared suffering can lead to extreme bonding may help sports clubs and policy makers manage crowd behaviour. Clubs will benefit from tailoring brand management and fan retainment strategies to the SDPF hypothesis. In addition, these findings provide insight into the motivations of oppressed or persecuted groups, and such others fused through shared sufferings, helping us better understand and manage the psychological processes that can lead to extreme self-sacrifice.Research contributions: This is the first study to show mediational support for the SDPF hypothesis in relation to football fandom. The psychological mechanism that may have once bonded embattled foraging groups in our ancestral past, now works in the modern world to unite soccer fans, among other kinds of groups, in their millions.