MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects-The Barendsen (Bd)
MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects-The Barendsen (Bd)
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DOI：
10.2967/jnumed.108.057398
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Fisher, Darrell R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sgouros, George;Howell, Roger W.;Fisher, Darrell R.
将所有生物效应与辐射照射联系起来的基本物理量是吸收剂量，即每单位质量组织所传递的能量。吸收剂量以焦耳每千克（J/kg）为单位表示，特殊名称为格雷（Gy）。暴露于电离辐射可引起确定性和随机生物效应。为了解释对不同类型的辐射所观察到的每单位吸收剂量的相对影响，国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）为随机效应建立了辐射加权因子。以Gy为单位的吸收剂量与辐射加权系数的乘积定义为等效剂量。当量剂量值用一个特殊命名的单位西弗（Sv）来表示。与随机效应的情况不同，确定性效应没有被广泛采用定义良好的形式和相关的特殊命名量。放射性核素，特别是α粒子发射器在核医学中的治疗应用突出表明，需要一种定义明确的剂量学形式，适用于确定性效应，并伴有相应的特殊命名量。本评注回顾了最近与此问题有关的建议，最后建议建立一个新的命名数量。
The fundamental physical quantity for relating all biologic effects to radiation exposure is the absorbed dose, the energy imparted per unit mass of tissue. Absorbed dose is expressed in units of joules per kilogram (J/kg) and is given the special name gray (Gy). Exposure to ionizing radiation may cause both deterministic and stochastic biologic effects. To account for the relative effect per unit absorbed dose that has been observed for different types of radiation, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has established radiation weighting factors for stochastic effects. The product of absorbed dose in Gy and the radiation weighting factor is defined as the equivalent dose. Equivalent dose values are designated by a special named unit, the sievert (Sv). Unlike the situation for stochastic effects, no well-defined formalism and associated special named quantities have been widely adopted for deterministic effects. The therapeutic application of radionuclides and, specifically, alpha-particle emitters in nuclear medicine has brought to the forefront the need for a well-defined dosimetry formalism applicable to deterministic effects that is accompanied by corresponding special named quantities. This commentary reviews recent proposals related to this issue and concludes with a recommendation to establish a new named quantity.