Epigenetic regulation of mammalian genomic imprinting
Epigenetic regulation of mammalian genomic imprinting
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2004.01.005
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Feil, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delaval, K;Feil, R
印记基因在发育中发挥着重要作用，并且大多数聚集在大的区域中。它们的等位基因抑制受到“印记控制区”（ICR）的调节，该区域在两个亲代等位基因之一上被甲基化。非组蛋白和附近的序列元件影响配子发生过程中这种差异甲基化的建立。 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰以及多梳蛋白对于体细胞印记的维持很重要。 ICR 调节印记的方式因领域而异。在某些情况下，ICR 构成了一个绝缘子，当未甲基化时，可以防止启动子-增强子相互作用。在其他域，非编码 RNA 可能会参与其中，可能是通过吸引染色质修饰复合物。后者的沉默机制与X染色体失活有相似之处。
Imprinted genes play important roles in development, and most are clustered in large domains. Their allelic repression is regulated by 'imprinting control regions' (ICRs), which are methylated on one of the two parental alleles. Non-histone proteins and nearby sequence elements influence the establishment of this differential methylation during gametogenesis. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and also polycomb group proteins are important for the somatic maintenance of imprinting. The way ICRs regulate imprinting differs between domains. At some, the ICR constitutes an insulator that prevents promoter-enhancer interactions, when unmethylated. At other domains, non-coding RNAs could be involved, possibly by attracting chromatin-modifying complexes. The latter silencing mechanism has similarities with X-chromosome inactivation.