Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: a general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks
Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: a general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-014-0563-7
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发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tilo Strobach;T. Salminen;J. Karbach;T. Schubert
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tilo Strobach;T. Salminen;J. Karbach;T. Schubert
在执行要求高和复杂的任务情况时的改进通常与执行功能的优化和有效的行为控制有关。本研究对不同类型的执行功能：转移、抑制、更新和双重任务的优化进行了系统的综述。特别是，我们专注于这些功能的优化与培训和相关的培训技能转移到非培训情况的影响。本研究的实证部分（见附录）旨在探讨双任务背景下执行功能的具体机制，从而在练习后提高双任务表现。更具体地说，我们测试了有效任务实例化（ETI）模型，该模型包含了与执行任务协调技能的练习相关的改进的具体假设：双任务性能随着练习而提高，因为在双任务开始时，工作记忆中相关任务信息集的有效和联合实例化。据我们所知，ETI模型是第一个能够说明认知机制对执行双重任务的实践相关改进的贡献以及任务协调技能对这种表现的影响的模型之一。
Improvements in performing demanding and complex task situations are typically related to the optimization of executive functions and efficient behavioral control. The present study systematizes and reviews the optimization of different executive function types: Shifting, Inhibition, Updating, and Dual tasking. In particular, we focus on optimisations of these functions with training and on transfer effects of related training skills to non-trained situations. The aim of the study’s empirical part (see also Appendix) was to investigate the specific mechanisms of executive functions in the context of Dual tasking, leading to improved dual-task performance after practice. More specifically, we tested the Efficient Task Instantiation (ETI) model that includes specific assumptions regarding practice-related improvements of executive task coordination skills: Dual-task performance is improved with practice because of an efficient and conjoint instantiation of sets of relevant task information in working memory at the onset of a dual task. According to our knowledge, the ETI model is one of the first that allows illustrating the contribution of cognitive mechanisms underlying practice-related improvements in performing dual tasks and the impact of task coordination skills on this performance.