The functional significance of frequency modulation within a wave train for prey localization in the surface-feeding fishAplocheilus lineatus (Cyprinodontidae)
The functional significance of frequency modulation within a wave train for prey localization in the surface-feeding fishAplocheilus lineatus (Cyprinodontidae)
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波列中的频率调制对于表面进食鱼Aplocheilus lineatus（Cyprinodontidae）猎物定位的功能意义
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发表时间：
1982
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通讯作者：
E. Schwartz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Bleckmann;E. Schwartz
本文研究了水面波的物理特性以及线纹裸唇鱼（Aplocheilus lineatus）对正常和变化的单波列的响应。1.任意物体单次浸入水中或在水面上短时间吹气都会产生包含不同振幅和频率的波周期的表面波。这种波列的特点是向下的频率调制，其程度取决于源的距离，但不取决于初始刺激强度（图1和图2）。1和2）。2.当用单波列（滴答声）刺激时A. lineatus能够确定源距离（图4）。这种能力与波的振幅无关，因此也与频率范围无关。3.当发出咔哒声信号时，顶鱼平均移动6.1 ± 1.9cm（平均值和S.D.）在距波中心6.5- 7.5cm处，或在距波中心14.5- 15.5cm处，波中心为11.8 ± 3.3cm。然而，在源距离为7 cm处呈现波信号，其频率调制类似于源自源距离为15 cm处的点击信号，导致鱼向前移动10.8 ±4.5 cm（图5）。lineatus还对改变的单波列作出反应，所述改变的单波列是向上频率调制的。但是没有或只有微弱的距离确定（图6）。5.对于不同种类的波产生，在相同的源距离下，点击内的频率调制可能略有不同（图7）。但是，总的来说，看看前7-9个波浪周期（A.在单个波列中的频率调制主要取决于源距离，而不是波产生的种类（针对源距离5、10和15 cm进行测试，图8）。独立于持久的波浪模式，这之前的点击可能被A使用。7.假设A. lineatus分析了波信号的幅度谱，用于区分猎物和非猎物波，并且使用波列的前7-9个波周期的频率调制来获得关于源距离的信息。
SummaryThe physical properties of water surface waves and the responses of the topminnowAplocheilus lineatus to normal and altered single wave trains were investigated.1.A single immersion of any object into the water or a short air blow onto the water surface produces surface waves containing wave cycles of different amplitudes and frequencies. Such wave trains are characterized by a downward frequency modulation, the degree of which depends on source distance but not on initial stimulus intensity (Figs. 1 and 2).2.When stimulated with single wave trains (clicks)A. lineatus is able to determine the source distance (Fig. 4). This ability is independent of wave amplitude and thus also of frequency range.3.When presented click signals the topminnows move on an average of 6.1 ± 1.9 cm (mean and S.D.) towards the wave center, which is 6.5–7.5 cm away from them, or 11.8 ±3.3 cm at a source distance of 14.5–15.5 cm. However, presentation of a wave signal at a source distance of 7 cm, the frequency modulation of which resembles a click signal originating at a source distance of 15 cm, causes the fish to move forward 10.8 ±4.5 cm (Fig. 5).4.A. lineatus also reacts to altered single wave trains, which are upward frequency modulated. But there is no or only a weak distance determination (Fig. 6).5.For different kinds of wave production the frequency modulation within a click may be slightly different at identical source distances (Fig. 7). But, in general, looking at the first 7–9 wave cycles (which are used byA. lineatus for prey localization) the frequency modulation in a single wave train mainly depends on source distance, but not on kind of wave production (tested for the source distances 5, 10, and 15 cm, Fig. 8).6.Long lasting wave signals are preceded by a click stimulus (Fig. 7 right half). Independent of the long lasting wave pattern this preceding click might be used byA. lineatus for distance localization.7.It is assumed thatA. lineatus analyzes the amplitude spectrum of a wave signal for discrimination of prey and nonprey waves and that the frequency modulation of the first 7–9 wave cycles of a wave train is used to obtain information about source distance.