PspA and PspC: Their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines
PspA and PspC: Their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines
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DOI：
10.1089/mdr.1997.3.401
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crain, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Briles, DE;Hollingshead, SK;Crain, MJ
肺炎球菌（图1）长期以来一直被认为是对抗肺炎球菌感染的有效免疫原，但它们的使用仅消除了全世界与该生物体相关的一小部分发病率和死亡率。 22, 44 造成这种情况的原因有几个。一是23价多糖疫苗尚未像推荐的那样广泛使用。另一个问题是，该疫苗对疫苗中包含的 23 种荚膜类型引起的侵袭性感染只有约 60% 的有效性。 45 此外，它对 2 岁以下儿童的免疫原性非常差，因此没有批准将其用于这一重要高危人群的适应症。 1326 此外，最近的数据表明，并非所有针对某些 PS 抗原（尤其是 6 型荚膜抗原）的抗体总是具有保护作用。 1, 35, 37 提高荚膜多糖在人体中的免疫原性的一种方法是将多糖与免疫原性 T 细胞依赖性蛋白载体缀合。 18, 27, 36, 38 这种方法对于 b 型流感嗜血杆菌多糖非常有效，当它与蛋白质载体结合时，成为一种有效且安全的儿童疫苗。 2分48秒
coccus pneumoniae (Fig. 1) have long been considered effective immunogens against pneumococcal infection, their use has eliminated only a small fraction of the morbidity and mor-tality associated with this organism worldwide. 22, 44 There are several reasons for this. One is that the 23-valent polysaccha-ride vaccine has not been used as widely as recommended. Another is that the vaccine is only about 60% effective against invasive infections caused by the 23 capsular types included in the vaccine. 45 Also, it is so poorly immunogenic in children less than 2 years of age that there are no approved indications for its use in this important at-risk group. 1326 Moreover, recent data indicate that not all antibodies to certain PS antigens, es-pecially capsular type 6, are always protective. 1, 35, 37 One way to improve the immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharides in humans is to conjugate the polysaccharides with immunogenic T-cell-dependent protein carriers. 18, 27, 36, 38 This approach has worked very well for Haemophilus influenzae type b polysac-charide, which, when conjugated to protein carriers, becomes an effective and safe vaccine for children. 2'48