Neural control of white, beige and brown adipocytes.
Neural control of white, beige and brown adipocytes.
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DOI：
10.1038/ijosup.2015.9
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ryu, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bartness, T J;Ryu, V
在传统的白色脂肪组织(WAT)中发现棕色样脂肪细胞的报道大约在30年前就有了，但人们对白色脂肪细胞变棕色的兴趣直到最近才引起关注。我们结合了一些关于Wat和棕色脂肪组织(BAT)的交感神经系统(SNS)神经支配的已知知识，以及少数几项专注于当Wat交感神经驱动力增加(例如，寒冷暴露和食物剥夺)时出现的所谓“Brite”或“Beige”脂肪细胞的交感神经支配的研究。只有一个大脑部位，即下丘脑背内侧核(DMH)，选择性地使某些部位(腹股沟WAT和背内侧皮下WAT)变成棕色，但不是所有的WAT仓库，只有当DMH神经肽Y基因的表达被下调时，Wat SNS神经支配才介导了棕色效应。其他研究表明，在温暖和寒冷的环境温度下，WAT交感纤维密度与棕色脂肪细胞(多房性脂滴，解偶联蛋白-1免疫反应)的数量有关。Wat和BAT都有感觉神经支配，后者对于急性BAT冷诱导的体温升高很重要，因此提示BAT/BAT细胞的感觉神经反馈在产热中可能具有重要意义。只有一份报告显示，棕色的水能够在体内产生热量。总体而言，Wat交感神经驱动的增加和这些刺激脂肪细胞的表型似乎对新的和/或转分化的白色/棕色/米色脂肪细胞的产生至关重要。有选择地利用Wat SNS驱动产生褐变或独立于SNS的选择性褐变，以通过增加支出来对抗肥胖的增加，似乎是极其具有挑战性的。
Reports of brown-like adipocytes in traditionally white adipose tissue (WAT) depots occurred ~30 years ago, but interest in white adipocyte 'browning' only has gained attention more recently. We integrate some of what is known about the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with the few studies focusing on the sympathetic innervation of the so-called 'brite' or 'beige' adipocytes that appear when WAT sympathetic drive increases (for example, cold exposure and food deprivation). Only one brain site, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), selectively browns some (inguinal WAT (IWAT) and dorsomedial subcutaneous WAT), but not all WAT depots and only when DMH neuropeptide Y gene expression is knocked down, a browning effect is mediated by WAT SNS innervation. Other studies show that WAT sympathetic fiber density is correlated with the number of brown-like adipocytes (multilocular lipid droplets, uncoupling protein-1 immunoreactivity) at both warm and cold ambient temperatures. WAT and BAT have sensory innervation, the latter important for acute BAT cold-induced temperature increases, therefore suggesting the possible importance of sensory neural feedback from brite/beige cells for heat production. Only one report shows browned WAT capable of producing heat in vivo. Collectively, increases in WAT sympathetic drive and the phenotype of these stimulated adipocytes seems critical for the production of new and/or transdifferentiation of white to brite/beige adipocytes. Selective harnessing of WAT SNS drive to produce browning or selective browning independent of the SNS to counter increases in adiposity by increasing expenditure appears to be extremely challenging.