The crisis of the Republic: sources and source-problems
The crisis of the Republic: sources and source-problems
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共和国的危机：根源和根源问题
DOI：
10.1017/chol9780521256032.002
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Lintott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Lintott
到公元前二世纪末，罗马人由于对地中海的控制而面临危机，而由于他们在获得帝国期间获得的更广泛的经验和知识接触而产生的政治意识的增强，这一危机变得更加尖锐。弗洛鲁斯所认为的罗马的稳健成熟，注定会陷入元首制的衰老，但罗马的自我意识却使之变得更加复杂和更有价值的研究。对公元前 150 年之前罗马崛起的最具洞察力的评估是由波利比乌斯（Polybius）创造的，他是一位熟悉罗马但仍是局外人的希腊人。罗马历史从公元 1000 年开始书写。公元前200年往后的内容我们已经失去了，除了一些引文和引用之外，但是，即使它们被恢复，我们是否能找到任何与波利比乌斯的分析进行比较的东西也是值得怀疑的。然而，在第二世纪结束之前，罗马历史著作的数量不仅增加了，而且材料也变得多样化。生活在格拉古时期的塞普罗尼乌斯·阿塞利奥（Sempronius Asellio）区分了纯粹的编年史（在严格的时间顺序框架内对事件进行传统的罗马叙述）和通过寻找因果关系和动机来解释的历史。实际上，这意味着罗马人不再总是写从埃涅阿斯或狼和双胞胎到他们自己的时代的综合叙述，而是制作关于过去或现在的特定主题的专着、传记和自传。
By the end of the second century before Christ the Romans faced a crisis as a result of their mastery of the Mediterranean, which was made sharper by an increased political awareness resulting from their wider experience and the intellectual contacts made during the acquisition of empire. What Florus regarded as the robust maturity of Rome, which was doomed to collapse into the senility of the Principate, is made a more complex and more rewarding study by Roman self-consciousness. The most penetrating assessment of the Roman rise to power before 150 b.c. was made by Polybius – a Greek familiar with Rome but still an outsider. The Roman histories which had begun to be written from c . 200 b.c. onwards are lost to us but for a few citations and quotations, but, even if they were to be recovered, it is doubtful if we would find anything to compare with Polybius' analysis. Before the second century had ended, however, not only had the sheer bulk of Roman historical writing increased but the material had become diversified. Sempronius Asellio, who lived in the period of the Gracchi, drew a distinction between writing mere annals, the traditional Roman narrative of events in a strict chronological framework, and histories, which interpreted by seeking causation and motive. In practice this meant that Romans no longer always wrote omnibus narratives stretching from Aeneas, or the wolf and twins, to their own day, but produced monographs on specific topics from the past or present, biographies and autobiographies.
日本癌症学会第 44 届年会文章第 121 号。（1985 年）
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