Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic manipulator Ophiocordyceps camponoti ‐ floridani
Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic manipulator Ophiocordyceps camponoti ‐ floridani
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自然历史和生态对被寄生操纵虫 Ophiocordyceps Camponoti – Florida 感染的佛罗里达木蚁尸体的建立和命运的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.14224
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
de Bekker, Charissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Will, Ian;Linehan, Sara;Jenkins, David G.;de Bekker, Charissa
蛇虫草真菌操纵其蚂蚁宿主的行为以产生顶峰疾病表型，从而将受感染的蚂蚁尸体建立在适合真菌生长和传播的较高位置的植被上。多种环境和生态因素被提出来影响这些操作的时间、定位和结果。我们对佛罗里达僵尸蚁——佛罗里达僵尸蚂蚁的佛罗里达蛇虫草感染进行了长期的现场研究。我们通过追踪数百具蚂蚁尸体的真菌生长情况，提出并完善了影响感染结果的因素的假设。我们对与天气、光线、植被和超级寄生虫攻击相关的这些数据进行了建模和报告。我们研究了可能影响新操纵的蚂蚁尸体的出现和位置的环境因素。新尸体的出现优先偏向于附生凤梨科植物、树冠开放度和夏季天气条件（温度、湿度和降水的交互作用）。此外，我们认为个体尸体水平的入射光反映了受操纵的蚂蚁对微生境的选择或对尸体维持的选择性压力，以改善真菌的生存条件。我们还询问了哪些环境条件影响真菌的适应性。生殖结构的持续真菌发育和推定的传播随着潮湿的天气条件（湿度和降水的相互作用）和树冠开放度的增加而增加，同时由于过度寄生的真菌寄生虫感染而减少。此外，在最开放的树冠条件下，我们发现了一种非典型的Ophiocordyceps生长形态，它可以代表对受高光水平影响的条件的可塑性反应。 总之，我们探索了总体趋势以及各种生态条件对佛罗里达僵尸蚂蚁系统中宿主和寄生虫疾病结果的影响。这些来自该领域的见解可用于为实验实验室设置提供信息，直接测试生物和非生物因素对真菌-蚂蚁相互作用的影响，或旨在揭示潜在的分子机制。在期刊博客上阅读本文的免费简单语言摘要。
Ophiocordycepsfungi manipulate the behaviour of their ant hosts to produce a summit disease phenotype, thereby establishing infected ant cadavers onto vegetation at elevated positions suitable for fungal growth and transmission. Multiple environmental and ecological factors have been proposed to shape the timing, positioning and outcome of these manipulations.We conducted a long‐term field study ofOphiocordyceps camponoti‐floridaniinfections ofCamponotus floridanusants—the Florida zombie ants. We propose and refine hypotheses on the factors that shape infection outcomes by tracking the occurrence of and fungal growth from hundreds of ant cadavers. We modelled and report these data in relation to weather, light, vegetation and attack by hyperparasites.We investigated environmental factors that could affect the occurrence and location of newly manipulated ant cadavers. New cadaver occurrence was preferentially biased towards epiphyticTillandsiabromeliads, canopy openness and summer weather conditions (an interactive effect of temperature, humidity and precipitation). Furthermore, we suggest that incident light at the individual cadaver level reflects microhabitat choice by manipulated ants or selective pressure on cadaver maintenance for conditions that improve fungal survival.We also asked which environmental conditions affect fungal fitness. Continued fungal development of reproductive structures and putative transmission increased with moist weather conditions (interaction of humidity and precipitation) and canopy openness, while being reduced by hyperparasitic mycoparasite infections. Moreover, under the most open canopy conditions, we found an atypicalOphiocordycepsgrowth morphology that could represent a plastic response to conditions influenced by high light levels.Taken together, we explore general trends and the effects of various ecological conditions on host and parasite disease outcomes in the Florida zombie ant system. These insights from the field can be used to inform experimental laboratory setups that directly test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on fungus–ant interactions or aim to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.