Computational models for active matter
Computational models for active matter
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DOI：
10.1038/s42254-020-0152-1
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
38.5
通讯作者：
M. R. Shaebani;A. Wysocki;R. Winkler;G. Gompper;H. Rieger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. R. Shaebani;A. Wysocki;R. Winkler;G. Gompper;H. Rieger
从分子马达到动物群体的活性物质存在于不同的长度尺度和时间尺度上，并且已经提出了各种计算模型来描述和预测其行为。模拟活性物质的方法的多样性和挑战主要来自于不平衡的特性，缺乏详细的平衡和时间反演对称性，多尺度性质，非线性和多体相互作用。模型存在于流体中的干活性物质和活性物质，并且可以是基于代理或连续级描述。它们可以是通用的，强调普遍的特征，也可以是详细的，捕捉特定的特征。我们比较了各种建模方法和数值技术，以阐明理解活性物质的创新和挑战。
Active matter, which ranges from molecular motors to groups of animals, exists at different length scales and timescales, and various computational models have been proposed to describe and predict its behaviour. The diversity of the methods and the challenges in modelling active matter primarily originate from the out-of-equilibrium character, lack of detailed balance and of time-reversal symmetry, multiscale nature, nonlinearity and multibody interactions. Models exist for both dry active matter and active matter in fluids, and can be agent-based or continuum-level descriptions. They can be generic, emphasizing universal features, or detailed, capturing specific features. We compare various modelling approaches and numerical techniques to illuminate the innovations and challenges in understanding active matter.