Conversionary Preaching and the Jews in Early Modern Rome*
Conversionary Preaching and the Jews in Early Modern Rome*
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现代早期罗马的皈依传道和犹太人*
DOI：
10.1093/pastj/gtx013
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Michelson E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michelson E
本文探讨了一个看似普遍的类别，想象中的犹太人，如何在一个地方设置-可以说是最引人注目的和高风险的地方设置在欧洲：早期现代罗马。在罗马--罗马教廷的城市--犹太象征主义的主要制造者与欧洲最古老的连续社区犹太社区发生了冲突。想象中的犹太人和生活在罗马的犹太人同样健壮，同样不可忽视，同样有古老的权利。这两类犹太人聚集在16世纪末建立的每周皈依布道会上，这一活动也经常吸引来自全市各地的基督教观察员和游客。本文分析了在近代早期罗马占主导地位的想象中的犹太教的具体表现，最有力的象征是皈依布道。它认为，在近代早期的罗马，“想象中的犹太人”既是一个视觉和修辞范畴，其中生活的犹太人作为想象中的犹太人，并始终包括基督徒。这一定义不同于欧洲其他地方使用的定义，并表明“想象的”和活着的犹太人不应该被视为对立的。这反过来又让我们理解了归正宣道的流行和重要性。归正布道是一个独特而有力的场面，因为它向活着的犹太人、想象中的犹太人和基督徒一样说话。
This article examines how a seemingly universal category, the imaginary Jew, fared in a local setting – arguably the most compelling and high-stakes local setting in Europe: early modern Rome. In Rome – the caput mundi, city of the Holy See – the premier manufacturer of Judaic symbolism confronted Europe’s oldest continuous community Jewish community. Imagined Jews and living Jews in Rome were equally robust, equally impossible to ignore, and had equal claims to antiquity. Both categories of Jews converged at the weekly conversionary sermons established in the late sixteenth century, an event that also regularly drew Christian observers from across the city as well as tourists. This article analyzes the specific manifestation of imaginary Judaism that held sway in early modern Rome, symbolized most powerfully at conversionary sermons. It argues that in early modern Rome, “imaginary Jews” was both a visual and a rhetorical category, in which living Jews acted as imaginary Jews, and which always included Christians. This definition differs from those in use elsewhere in Europe, and demonstrates that ‘imaginary’ and living Jews should not be considered opposites. This allows us in turn to understand the popularity and significance of conversionary preaching. Conversionary preaching was a uniquely potent spectacle because it addressed living Jews, imaginary Jews, and Christans alike.