Wanted and unwanted childbearing in the United States: 1973-88. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth.
Wanted and unwanted childbearing in the United States: 1973-88. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth.
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美国想要和不想要的生育：1973-88 年。
DOI：
10.1037/e608622007-001
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pratt Wf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams Lb;Pratt Wf
自1973年开始以来，美国全国家庭增长调查首次记录了意外生育的增加。调查结果表明，在1983- 1988年已婚妇女生育的1 650万人中，有580万人（35%）是意外生育。其中约30%是不必要的，70%是不合时宜的。与此形成对照的是，意外生育的百分比从1973年调查时的14.3%下降到1982年调查时的7.7%。如果被调查者表示她在怀孕时或将来任何时候都不想要孩子，则将其列为不想要的孩子。尽管意外生育的总比率现在约为10%，但在年龄和种族方面存在差异。在已婚妇女中，意外生育的比例随着年龄的增长而不断增加，而不适时生育的比例随着年龄的增长而下降。1988年，15-24岁年龄组的意外生育率为8.6%，25-34岁妇女为9.0%，35-44岁妇女为17.6%。所有三项调查的另一个共同发现是，黑人妇女的意外生育比例高于白色妇女。同样在1988年，已婚白色妇女生育的婴儿中有8.8%是不想要的，而黑人妇女生育的婴儿中有22.8%是不想要的。然而，在已婚妇女中，意外生育的种族差异并不显著。最后，1988年，10.7%的意外生育发生在贫困线以下的妇女身上;贫穷的白色妇女中的意外生育率为17.4%，贫穷的黑人妇女中的意外生育率为35.3%。在从未结过婚的妇女中，非自愿生育在白人中有所减少，在黑人中有所增加。黑人妇女的意外生育率较高可能反映了性活动开始较早，计划生育诊所的就诊率较低，因此避孕药具的使用率较低。
For the 1st time since its inception in 1973 the US National Survey of Family Growth has documented an increase in unwanted births. Survey results indicate that of the 16.5 million births to ever-married women in 1983-88 5.8 million (35%) were unintended. Of these about 30% were unwanted and 70% were mistimed. This contrasts with a decline in the percentage of unwanted births from 14.3% at the time of the 1973 survey to 7.7% in the 1982 survey. Births were classified as unwanted if the respondent indicated she had not wanted a child at the time of conception or at any time in the future. Although the overall rate of unwanted births is now approximately 10% there are differentials in terms of age and race. The proportion of unwanted births has shown a consistent increase with age among ever-married women while mistimed births decrease with age. In 1988 the percentage of unwanted births was 8.6% in the 15-24-year age group 9.0% among women 25-34 years old and 17.6% among those 35-44 years of age. Another finding common to all 3 surveys is a higher proportion of unwanted births to black women than white women. Again in 1988 8.8% of births to ever-married white women were unwanted compared to 22.8% of births to their black counterparts. In formerly married women however the racial differential in unwanted births is not significant. Finally 10.7% of unwanted births in 1988 were to women below the poverty level; the rate was 17.4% among poor white women and 35.3% among poor black women. Among never-married women unwanted childbearing has declined for whites and increased for blacks. Higher rates of unwanted births among black women may reflect earlier onset of sexual activity lower attendance at family planning clinics and thus lower use of contraception.