Community management of groundwater.
Community management of groundwater.
复制标题
地下水的社区管理。
DOI：
10.1079/9781845931728.0131
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Edella Schlager
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edella Schlager
在过去的20年里，学者们对农民、渔民、牧民和其他类型的资源使用者组织、采用、监测和执行制度安排的能力给予了相当大的关注，这些制度安排管理他们以可持续的方式使用共有资源（Ostrom等人，2002年）。在此期间，在以下方面取得了进展：认真确定和界定关键的理论概念;发展分类法，将不同类型的问题和体制安排组织起来;确定有助于解释资源使用者可能参与集体行动以制定治理安排的情况的因素;确定说明自治安排持久性的设计原则;并发展了一套令人印象深刻的实证研究，致力于理论发展和假设检验。根据Stern et al. (2002，第445页），对管理国别方案建议的机构的研究已经发展到足以被承认为社会科学的一个领域。地面灌溉系统一直是这一领域发展的焦点资源。许多注意力和努力都用于解释促成农民管理的灌溉系统出现和持续存在的条件。还对农民管理的系统和政府管理的系统进行了比较分析。本章扩展了学者们对CPRs自治的工作，以灌溉环境中的地下水。虽然这些学者在美国的地下水流域进行了工作，但很少关注地下水和灌溉。本章的第一节涵盖了危机预防和复原治理领域的概念工具和理论。第二部分将概念工具和理论概念应用于地下水灌溉。这些论点以两种方式加以说明：第一，通过对地面灌溉系统和地下水灌溉的比较分析;第二，通过使用几个案例研究。最后一节探讨了有前途的
Over the last 20 years, scholars have devoted considerable attention to the ability of farmers, fishermen, pastoralists and other types of resource users to organize, adopt, monitor and enforce institutional arrangements that govern their use of common pool resources (CPRs) in a sustainable manner (Ostrom et al., 2002). During this period, progress has been made in carefully identifying and defining key theoretical concepts, developing typologies that organize diverse types of problems and institutional arrangements, identifying factors that help explain the circumstances under which resources users are likely to engage in collective action to develop governing arrangements, identifying design principles that account for durability of self-governing arrangements, and developing an impressive body of empirical work devoted to theory development and hypothesis testing. According to Stern et al.(2002, p. 445) the study of institutions for managing CPRs is sufficiently developed to be recognized as a field within the social sciences. Surface irrigation systems have been a focal resource in the development of this field. Much attention and effort has been devoted to explaining the conditions that contribute to the emergence and persistence of farmer-managed irrigation systems. Comparative analyses of farmermanaged and government-managed systems have also been conducted. This chapter extends the work of scholars on self-governance of CPRs to groundwater in irrigation settings. While work has been conducted by such scholars on groundwater basins in the USA, little focused attention has been paid to groundwater and irrigation. The first section of the chapter covers conceptual tools and theory from the field of CPR governance. The second section applies the conceptual tools and theoretical concepts to groundwater irrigation. The arguments are illustrated in two ways: first, by a comparative analysis of surface irrigation systems and groundwater irrigation; and second, through the use of several case studies. The final section explores promising
【常见问题，容易被忽视的疾病】高脂血症
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
Modern Physician
影响因子：
--
作者：
Arai H;Ishibashi S;Bujo H;Hayashi T;Yamada N.;et al.;大西弘高;小泉順二
通讯作者：
小泉順二