Decreased memory performance in healthy humans induced by stress-level cortisol treatment
Decreased memory performance in healthy humans induced by stress-level cortisol treatment
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.527
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alderson, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newcomer, JW;Selke, G;Alderson, AL
背景：糖皮质激素（GC）调节海马代谢、生理功能和记忆。尽管有证据表明药物 GC 治疗期间记忆力下降，并且在某些疾病条件下记忆力与皮质醇水平之间存在相关性，但仍不清楚在人类身体和心理压力期间暴露于处于水平的内源性 GC 皮质醇是否会抑制其他健康个体的记忆表现。方法：随机、双盲、安慰剂对照比较 2 种固定口服剂量的皮质醇（40 毫克/天和 160 毫克/天，使用分次剂量以近似昼夜节律） 4 天至健康受试者的匹配组 (n = 51)。较低剂量的治疗近似于轻度应激期间的皮质醇暴露，而较高剂量的治疗近似于重大应激期间的皮质醇暴露。在基线、治疗 1 天和 4 天后以及 6 天清除期后进行认知测试和血浆采样，假设言语陈述性记忆出现剂量依赖性下降。结果：较高剂量的皮质醇治疗会导致言语陈述性记忆可逆性下降，但不会影响非语言记忆、持续或选择性注意力或执行功能。段落回忆的时间和治疗条件之间存在显着的相互作用，这可以通过治疗引起的4天后的表现差异来解释，与低剂量治疗和安慰剂相比，高剂量皮质醇治疗期间的即时和延迟回忆表现较低。结论：与人类身体和心理压力相关的剂量和血浆浓度的皮质醇暴露数天可以（类似于药物GC治疗）可逆地降低其他健康个体的记忆表现的特定要素。
Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) fan regulate hippocampal metabolism, physiologic functions, and memory. Despite evidence of memory decreases during pharmacological GC treatment, and correlations between memory and cortisol levels in certain disease conditions, it remains unclear whether exposure to the endogenous GC cortisol at levels seen during physical and psychological stress in humans can inhibit memory performance in otherwise healthy individuals.Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of 2 fixed oral doses of cortisol (40 mg/d and 160 mg/d using split doses to approximate circadian rhythm) given for 4 days to matched groups of healthy subjects (n = 51). Lower-dose treatment approximated cortisol exposure during mild stress, whereas the higher dose approximated cortisol exposure during major stress. Cognitive testing and plasma sampling were done at baseline, after 1 and 4 days of treatment, and after a 6-day washout period, hypothesizing dose-dependent decreases in verbal declarative memory.Results: Cortisol treatment at the higher dose produced reversible decreases in verbal declarative memory without effects on nonverbal memory, sustained or selective attention, or executive function. A significant interaction between time and treatment condition for paragraph recall was explained by treatment-induced differences in performance after 4 treatment days, with lower immediate and delayed recall performance during higher-dose cortisol treatment compared with lower-dose treatment and placebo.Conclusions: Several days of exposure to cortisol at doses and plasma concentrations associated with physical and psychological stress in humans can-similar to pharmacological GC treatment-reversibly decrease specific elements of memory performance in otherwise healthy individuals.