Models of data and theoretical hypotheses: a case-study in classical genetics

Models of data and theoretical hypotheses: a case-study in classical genetics
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数据模型和理论假设:经典遗传学的案例研究

DOI:
10.1007/s11229-012-0147-2
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Vorms M
Vorms M
中科院分区:
人文科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vorms M

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连锁(或遗传)图谱是一种图表,旨在表示染色体上基因的线性顺序。它们是根据有关基因传播的统计数据构建的。 1913 年这项技术的发明是由摩根团队采用了一系列有关遗传物理机制的假设推动的。这些假设本身是基于摩根对遗传染色体理论的辩护,根据该理论,染色体是基因的物理基础。在本文中,我分析了 1919 年 William Castle 和 Morgan 团队之间关于基因图谱构建的争论。争论的正式问题涉及染色体上基因的排列。然而,争论者倾向于讨论如何对数据进行建模,以便得出有关基因传播的预测;争论与数据本身无关,也不关注解释这些数据的假设。主角们所关注的主要标准是简单性和预测功效。然而,我表明双方对不同数据建模方法本身的简单性和预测功效的评估取决于背景理论立场。我的目的是澄清对给定模型的偏好和理论承诺是如何表达的。
Linkage (or genetic) maps are graphs, which are intended to represent the linear ordering of genes on the chromosomes. They are constructed on the basis of statistical data concerning the transmission of genes. The invention of this technique in 1913 was driven by Morgan’s group’s adoption of a set of hypotheses concerning the physical mechanism of heredity. These hypotheses were themselves grounded in Morgan’s defense of the chromosome theory of heredity, according to which chromosomes are the physical basis of genes. In this paper, I analyze the 1919 debate between William Castle and Morgan’s group, about the construction of genetic maps. The official issue of the debate concerns the arrangement of genes on chromosomes. However, the disputants tend to carry out the discussions about how one should model the data in order to draw predictions concerning the transmission of genes; the debate does not bear on the data themselves, nor does it focus on the hypotheses explaining these data. The main criteria that are appealed to by the protagonists are simplicity and predictive efficacy. However, I show that both parties’ assessments of the simplicity and predictive efficacy of different ways of modeling the data themselves depend on background theoretical positions. I aim at clarifying how preference for a given model and theoretical commitments articulate.
基因的空间关系。
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
A. Sturtevant;C. Bridges;T. Morgan
通讯作者: T. Morgan
DOI: 10.2307/1535510
发表时间: 1902
期刊: The Biological Bulletin
影响因子: --
作者:
W. S. Sutton
通讯作者: W. S. Sutton
贝特森和染色体:科学中的保守思想。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1971
期刊: Centaurus; international magazine of the history of science and medicine
影响因子: --
作者:
W. Coleman
通讯作者: W. Coleman
物理学教科书中的天文参考文献
DOI: --
发表时间: --
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
C. Chant
通讯作者: C. Chant
物理和教育。
DOI: --
发表时间: --
期刊: Science
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
C. R. Mann
通讯作者: C. R. Mann