Air pollution risk estimates: Determinants of heterogeneity
Air pollution risk estimates: Determinants of heterogeneity
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DOI：
10.1080/15287390801997666
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Samet, Jonathan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samet, Jonathan M.
有关特定人群健康风险的信息可能对推动空气污染控制、制定空气质量标准和评估控制措施至关重要。本文考虑将一个或多个外部人群的相关风险估计应用于特定人群。这一概念被称为“可携带性”，风险估计的可携带性程度可能受到以下因素的限制：(1)当地空气污染混合物的来源和特征，(2)暴露在人群中的模式，以及(3)决定易感性的人口特征。对于特定研究或研究结果汇编中的任何特定估计，多个潜在决定因素影响其价值，包括生物学因素、研究方法的各个方面以及研究设计和分析以及发表过程引入的偏差。根据当前的研究讨论了每个限制，并提出了解决这些限制的解决方案。这些措施包括：(1)对研究设计和分析的关键方面进行全面说明；(2)利用大型数据库系统地收集已公布的风险估计；(3)使用NMMAPS和APHEA等多城市研究模型；(4)制定地方一级的经验分析方案，以支持在更广泛的国际背景下对风险进行严格估计。
Information on risk to health for particular populations may be critical for motivating air pollution control, setting air quality standards, and evaluating control measures. This article considers the application of associated risk estimates from one or more external populations to a specific population. This concept is termed "transportability," and the degree of transportability of a risk estimate may be limited by (1) sources and characteristics of the local air pollution mixture, (2) pattern of exposures to the population, and (3) population characteristics determining susceptibility. For any particular estimate in a particular study or in compilations of study findings, multiple potential determinants affect its value, including biological factors, aspects of study methodology, and bias introduced by study design and analysis and by the publication process. Each limitation is discussed in light of current research, and solutions are proposed for addressing these limitations. These include (1) a full description of key aspects of study design and analysis; (2) systematic capture of published risk estimates using large databases; (3) use of multicity study models such as NMMAPS and APHEA; and (4) development of protocols for empirical analyses at the local level to support the rigorous estimation of risk in a broader, international context.