Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe
Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0703411104
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Cooper, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larson, Greger;Albarella, Umberto;Cooper, Alan
新石器时代革命始于11，000年前的近东，在向西迁移到欧洲的独特文化群体及其农业经济之前，包括驯化的动物和植物。尽管进行了几十年的研究，但对于土著和外来人口之间的混合程度，或者欧洲“新石器时代文化包”的具体组成部分的出现在多大程度上反映了真正的独立发展，还没有达成共识。在这里，通过使用欧亚大陆西部323个现代和221个古代猪标本的线粒体DNA，我们证明了近东血统的家猪肯定是在新石器时代引入欧洲的。（可能沿着两条不同的路线），至少在公元前4世纪初到达巴黎盆地。当地的欧洲野猪也在这个时候被驯化，这可能是由于引进近东家猪的直接后果。一旦驯化，欧洲猪迅速取代了整个欧洲引进的来自近东的家猪。家猪是新石器时代革命的关键组成部分，这份关于家猪起源的详细遗传记录揭示了早期农民向欧洲传播过程中一系列复杂的相互作用和过程。
The Neolithic Revolution began 11,000 years ago in the Near East and preceded a westward migration into Europe of distinctive cultural groups and their agricultural economies, including domesticated animals and plants. Despite decades of research, no consensus has emerged about the extent of admixture between the indigenous and exotic populations or the degree to which the appearance of specific components of the "Neolithic cultural package" in Europe reflects truly independent development. Here, through the use of mitochondrial DNA from 323 modern and 221 ancient pig specimens sampled across western Eurasia, we demonstrate that domestic pigs of Near Eastern ancestry were definitely introduced into Europe during the Neolithic (potentially along two separate routes), reaching the Paris Basin by at least the early 4th millennium B.C. Local European wild boar were also domesticated by this time, possibly as a direct consequence of the introduction of Near Eastern domestic pigs. Once domesticated, European pigs rapidly replaced the introduced domestic pigs of Near Eastern origin throughout Europe. Domestic pigs formed a key component of the Neolithic Revolution, and this detailed genetic record of their origins reveals a complex set of interactions and processes during the spread of early farmers into Europe.