The International Law of Occupation
The International Law of Occupation
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国际占领法
DOI：
10.1093/law/9780199588893.001.0001
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Benvenisti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Benvenisti
传统的占领国际法在1899年和1907年海牙和平会议上编纂，后来又经1949年《日内瓦第四公约》修订，但由于对人权和自决的日益重视以及过去二十年来的无数占领----其中包括以色列对西岸和加沙的占领、土耳其对北方塞浦路斯的占领、越南对柬埔寨的占领，美国在格林纳达和巴拿马的行动，以及波斯湾危机期间的占领。为了解决这些问题，Eyal Benvenisti制定了当代占领法理论，并为占领的合法管理制定了指导方针。Benvenisti描述了通过使用武力控制外国领土的政府的国际责任和义务，并审查了二十世纪各种占领国的行为，从第一次世界大战期间德国占领比利时开始。他分析了这些占领者的行动，将其与被推翻的政府、被占领的人民、其他国家和超国家组织的反应进行了对比。此外，他还对占领者采取的各种措施的合法性进行了评估，结果是，现在首次可以系统地评估占领的性质。
Codified in the 1899 and 1907 Hague Peace Conferences and later modified by the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, the traditional international law of occupation has been challenged by emerging emphases on human rights and self-determination and by the numerous occupations of the last two decades - among them Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, Turkish occupation of Northern Cyprus, Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, U.S. operations in Grenada and Panama, and occupations during the Persian Gulf crisis. To address these issues, Eyal Benvenisti formulates a contemporary theory of the law of occupation and establishes guidelines for the lawful management of occupation. Benvenisti delineates the international responsibilities and obligations of governments that gain control over foreign territories through the use of force and examines the conduct of various occupying powers of the twentieth century, beginning with the German occupation of Belgium during World War I. He analyzes the actions of these occupants by contrasting them with the reactions of ousted governments, of peoples under occupation, of other states, and of supranational organizations. Additionally, he evaluates the legality of various measures taken by occupants, with the result that the nature of occupation can now for the first time be systematically assessed.