The fungal colonisation of rock-art caves: experimental evidence
The fungal colonisation of rock-art caves: experimental evidence
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-009-0561-6
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jurado, Valme;Fernandez-Cortes, Angel;Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo
保存欧洲洞穴里的岩石艺术绘画是一个日益引起人们兴趣的问题。这源于西班牙阿尔塔米拉洞穴的细菌殖民和法国拉斯科洞穴最近的真菌爆发，两者都被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。在这里，我们展示了在阿尔塔米拉洞穴暴露的测试系统中真菌定植岩片的直接证据。2个月后，事先消毒过的药片被真菌和细菌大量定植。大多数分离出来的真菌被标记为昆虫病原体，而细菌是那些在洞穴中经常发现的细菌。岩石的定植可能是由滴水和凝结水提供的溶解的有机碳促进的，也可能是由气溶胶向洞穴内部的位移所促进的，这有助于微生物的传播。节肢动物在孢子传播中的作用也有助于理解真菌的定植。这项研究证明了岩石艺术洞穴的脆弱性，并表明微生物可以很容易地在裸露的岩石和引入洞穴的材料上定居。
The conservation of rock-art paintings in European caves is a matter of increasing interest. This derives from the bacterial colonisation of Altamira Cave, Spain and the recent fungal outbreak of Lascaux Cave, France-both included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Here, we show direct evidence of a fungal colonisation of rock tablets in a testing system exposed in Altamira Cave. After 2 months, the tablets, previously sterilised, were heavily colonised by fungi and bacteria. Most fungi isolated were labelled as entomopathogens, while the bacteria were those regularly identified in the cave. Rock colonisation was probably promoted by the dissolved organic carbon supplied with the dripping and condensation waters and favoured by the displacement of aerosols towards the interior of the cave, which contributed to the dissemination of microorganisms. The role of arthropods in the dispersal of spores may also help in understanding fungal colonisation. This study evidences the fragility of rock-art caves and demonstrates that microorganisms can easily colonise bare rocks and materials introduced into the cavity.