Living conditions, abundance and biomass of under-ice fauna in the Storfjord area (western Barents Sea, Arctic) in late winter (March 2003)
Living conditions, abundance and biomass of under-ice fauna in the Storfjord area (western Barents Sea, Arctic) in late winter (March 2003)
复制标题
冬末斯托峡湾地区（巴伦支海西部、北极）冰下动物群的生活条件、丰度和生物量（2003 年 3 月）
作者：
I. Werner
在一个典型的冬季情况下，对巴伦支海西部三个站的冰下栖息地和动物群落进行了研究。盛行致密的积冰(7-10/10)，冰层厚度超过0.1-1.6米，覆盖着0.1-0.6米的积雪。气温在−1.8C到−27.5C之间，冰面平整、白色、光滑。冰下水(0~5m深度)温、盐度分布不分层(T=−1.9~−2.0℃，S=34.2~34.7)。无机营养盐浓度较高，藻类色素浓度很低(0.02gμg叶绿素a L−1)，表明处于生物越冬状态。颗粒有机碳和氮的含量分别在84.2~241.3和5.3~16.4gμg/−之间，C/N比在11.2~15.5以上，表明冰下水中以碎屑为主。冰底的两足类丰度低于其他季节：冰盖裸鼠为0-1.8ind，−2为0-0.7Cind，白对虾为0-0.7Cind，−为0-0.8Cind，−为0-0.8.冰下水中共发现22个后生动物类群，其中桡足类种类最多，数量最多。−3(生物量：70-2,439μg/C和−3)的总丰度范围为181-2,487个，低于春、夏、秋三季。其次是无节幼体无节幼体动物(85-548个，−3)和相似环足类(44-262个，−3)。共生(与冰有关的)生物很少出现在冰下水层中。
The under-ice habitat and fauna were studied during a typical winter situation at three stations in the western Barents Sea. Dense pack ice (7–10/10) prevailed and ice thickness ranged over <0.1–1.6 m covered by <0.1–0.6 m of snow. Air temperatures ranged between −1.8 and −27.5°C. The ice undersides were level, white and smooth. Temperature and salinity profiles in the under-ice water (0–5 m depth) were not stratified (T=−1.9 to −2.0°C and S=34.2–34.7). Concentrations of inorganic nutrients were high and concentrations of algal pigments were very low (0.02 μg chlorophyll a l−1), indicating the state of biological winter. Contents of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen ranged over 84.2–241.3 and 5.3–16.4 μg l−1, respectively, the C/N ratio over 11.2–15.5 pointing to the dominance of detritus in the under-ice water. Abundances of amphipods at the ice underside were lower than in other seasons: 0–1.8 ind. m−2 for Apherusa glacialis, 0–0.7 ind. m−2 for Onisimus spp., and 0–0.8 ind. m−2 for Gammarus wilkitzkii. A total of 22 metazoan taxa were found in the under-ice water, with copepods as the most diverse and numerous group. Total abundances ranged over 181–2,487 ind. m−3 (biomass: 70–2,439 μg C m−3), showing lower values than in spring, summer and autumn. The dominant species was the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus minutus (34–1,485 ind. m−3), contributing 19–65% to total abundances, followed by copepod nauplii (85–548 ind. m−3) and the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis (44–262 ind. m−3). Sympagic (ice-associated) organisms occurred only rarely in the under-ice water layer.