Still Enigmatic: Innate Immunity in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Still Enigmatic: Innate Immunity in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
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仍然是个谜：栉水母 Mnemiopsis leidyi 的先天免疫
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz116
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Browne, William E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Traylor-Knowles, Nikki;Vandepas, Lauren E;Browne, William E
先天免疫是一种古老的生理反应，对保护后生动物免受病原体入侵至关重要。它是无脊椎动物的主要病原体防御机制。先天免疫系统在软体动物、甲壳类动物和针孔动物等无脊椎动物中得到了广泛的研究，但在栉水母中还没有得到很好的表征。栉水母包括一个完全海洋的，非双边的谱系，在后生动物多样化的早期分化。丝团细胞谱系的系统发育位置表明，对丝团细胞先天免疫系统的表征将揭示与后生动物先天免疫系统早期进化相关的重要特征。在这里，我们回顾了目前对栉水母免疫库的了解，并从三种栉水母物种中鉴定了先天免疫基因。我们还分离和表征了当受到细菌挑战时显示巨噬细胞样行为的emnemiopsis leidycell。我们的研究结果表明，栉水母拥有能够吞噬微生物的细胞，而两个远亲的栉水母M。leididian和hormiphora californiensis具有许多候选先天免疫蛋白。
Innate immunity is an ancient physiological response critical for protecting metazoans from invading pathogens. It is the primary pathogen defense mechanism among invertebrates. While innate immunity has been studied extensively in diverse invertebrate taxa, including mollusks, crustaceans, and cnidarians, this system has not been well characterized in ctenophores. The ctenophores comprise an exclusively marine, non-bilaterian lineage that diverged early during metazoan diversification. The phylogenetic position of ctenophore lineage suggests that characterization of the ctenophore innate immune system will reveal important features associated with the early evolution of the metazoan innate immune system. Here, we review current understanding of the ctenophore immune repertoire and identify innate immunity genes recovered from three ctenophore species. We also isolate and characterizeMnemiopsis leidyicells that display macrophage-like behavior when challenged with bacteria. Our results indicate that ctenophores possess cells capable of phagocytosing microbes and that two distantly related ctenophores,M. leidyiandHormiphora californiensis, possess many candidate innate immunity proteins.