Medical and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Among High School Seniors in the United States
Medical and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Among High School Seniors in the United States
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DOI：
10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.85
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Boyd, Carol J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McCabe, Sean Esteban;West, Brady T.;Boyd, Carol J.
目的：确定美国高中高年级学生中处方阿片类药物的医疗和非医疗使用的患病率，并评估基于处方阿片类药物的医疗和非医疗使用的物质使用行为。设计：在高三的春季，通过自我管理的问卷调查了具有全国代表性的高中毕业生样本（模态年龄为18岁）。设置：数据收集于公立和私立高中。参与者：样本由来自3个独立队列（2007年、2008年和2009年）的7374名学生组成。结果测量：处方阿片类药物的医疗和非医疗使用以及其他物质使用的自我报告。结果：估计17.6%的高中毕业生报告了处方阿片类药物的终生医疗使用，而12.9%报告了处方阿片类药物的非医疗使用。医疗和非医疗使用方面的性别差异很小，而种族/族裔差异很大。超过37%的非医疗使用者报告鼻内给药处方阿片类药物。据估计，有较早医疗使用史的非医疗使用者中有80%是从他们以前的处方中获得处方阿片类药物。与仅报告医疗使用的个体相比，报告有非医疗使用处方阿片类药物史的个体发生物质使用行为的几率更大。结论：美国近四分之一的高中毕业生曾接触过处方阿片类药物，无论是医学上的还是非医学上的。应仔细考虑处方类阿片的数量和给青少年开的补剂次数，并密切监测，以减少随后剩余药物的非医疗使用。
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors in the United States and to assess substance use behaviors based on medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids.Design: Nationally representative samples of high school seniors (modal age 18 years) were surveyed during the spring of their senior year via self-administered questionnaires.Setting: Data were collected in public and private high schools.Participants: The sample consisted of 7374 students from 3 independent cohorts (2007, 2008, and 2009).Outcome Measures: Self-reports of medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids and other substance use.Results: An estimated 17.6% of high school seniors reported lifetime medical use of prescription opioids, while 12.9% reported nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Sex differences in the medical and nonmedical use were minimal, while racial/ethnic differences were extensive. More than 37% of nonmedical users reported intranasal administration of prescription opioids. An estimated 80% of nonmedical users with an earlier history of medical use had obtained prescription opioids from a prescription they had previously. The odds of substance use behaviors were greater among individuals who reported any history of nonmedical use of prescription opioids relative to those who reported medical use only.Conclusions: Nearly 1 in every 4 high school seniors in the United States has ever had some exposure to prescription opioids either medically or nonmedically. The quantity of prescription opioids and number of refills prescribed to adolescents should be carefully considered and closely monitored to reduce subsequent nonmedical use of leftover medication.