Principles and Concepts of Agent-Based Modelling for Developing Geospatial Simulations
Principles and Concepts of Agent-Based Modelling for Developing Geospatial Simulations
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发表时间：
2006-09
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通讯作者：
Cje Castle;A. Crooks
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作者：
Cje Castle;A. Crooks
本文的目的是概述基于代理的建模（ABM）范式的基本概念和原则，特别是参考地理空间模拟的发展。本文首先对建模进行了简要定义，然后对模型类型进行了分类，并就个人层面的建模系统的转变（在某些情况下）发表了评论。特别是，自动机方法（例如元胞自动机，CA和ABM）已经特别流行，ABM移动到前列。代理和基于代理的模型的定义，确定其优点和缺点，特别是在地理空间建模。基于代理的模型的潜在用途进行了讨论，并提供了如何开发一个基于代理的模型的指令。定义了反弹道导弹可用的模拟/建模系统的类型，并补充了在选择特定系统进行建模工作之前要考虑的标准。提供了与选择的仿真/建模系统（Swarm，MASON，Repast，StarLogo，NetLogo，OBEUS，AgentSheets和AnyLogic）有关的信息，并按其许可政策（开源，共享软件/免费软件和专有系统）进行分类。评估（即验证，校准，验证和分析）的代理为基础的模型和他们的输出进行检查，并值得注意的应用进行了讨论。地理信息系统（GIS）是一个特别有用的媒体表示模型的输入和输出的地理空间性质。然而，地理信息系统不太适合动态建模（如ABM）。特别是，在GIS中的时间和变化的问题突出。因此，本文探讨了连接（通过耦合或集成/嵌入）的GIS与模拟/建模系统特意建成，因此更适合支持ABM的要求的机会。本文件最后对所进行的讨论进行了综合。本文的目的是概述基于代理的建模（ABM）范式的基本概念和原则，特别是参考地理空间模拟的发展。本文首先对建模进行了简要定义，然后对模型类型进行了分类，并就个人层面的建模系统的转变（在某些情况下）发表了评论。特别是，自动机方法（例如元胞自动机，CA和ABM）已经特别流行，ABM移动到前列。代理和基于代理的模型的定义，确定其优点和缺点，特别是在地理空间建模。基于代理的模型的潜在用途进行了讨论，并提供了如何开发一个基于代理的模型的指令。定义了反弹道导弹可用的模拟/建模系统的类型，并补充了在选择特定系统进行建模工作之前要考虑的标准。提供了与选择的仿真/建模系统（Swarm，MASON，Repast，StarLogo，NetLogo，OBEUS，AgentSheets和AnyLogic）有关的信息，并按其许可政策（开源，共享软件/免费软件和专有系统）进行分类。评估（即验证，校准，验证和分析）的代理为基础的模型和他们的输出进行检查，并值得注意的应用进行了讨论。地理信息系统（GIS）是一个特别有用的媒体表示模型的输入和输出的地理空间性质。然而，地理信息系统不太适合动态建模（如ABM）。特别是，在GIS中的时间和变化的问题突出。因此，本文探讨了连接（通过耦合或集成/嵌入）的GIS与模拟/建模系统特意建成，因此更适合支持ABM的要求的机会。本文件最后对所进行的讨论进行了综合。
The aim of this paper is to outline fundamental concepts and principles of the Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) paradigm, with particular reference to the development of geospatial simulations. The paper begins with a brief definition of modelling, followed by a classification of model types, and a comment regarding a shift (in certain circumstances) towards modelling systems at the individual-level. In particular, automata approaches (e.g. Cellular Automata, CA, and ABM) have been particularly popular, with ABM moving to the fore. A definition of agents and agent-based models is given; identifying their advantages and disadvantages, especially in relation to geospatial modelling. The potential use of agent-based models is discussed, and how-to instructions for developing an agent-based model are provided. Types of simulation / modelling systems available for ABM are defined, supplemented with criteria to consider before choosing a particular system for a modelling endeavour. Information pertaining to a selection of simulation / modelling systems (Swarm, MASON, Repast, StarLogo, NetLogo, OBEUS, AgentSheets and AnyLogic) is provided, categorised by their licensing policy (open source, shareware / freeware and proprietary systems). The evaluation (i.e. verification, calibration, validation and analysis) of agent-based models and their output is examined, and noteworthy applications are discussed.Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are a particularly useful medium for representing model input and output of a geospatial nature. However, GIS are not well suited to dynamic modelling (e.g. ABM). In particular, problems of representing time and change within GIS are highlighted. Consequently, this paper explores the opportunity of linking (through coupling or integration / embedding) a GIS with a simulation / modelling system purposely built, and therefore better suited to supporting the requirements of ABM. This paper concludes with a synthesis of the discussion that has proceeded. The aim of this paper is to outline fundamental concepts and principles of the Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) paradigm, with particular reference to the development of geospatial simulations. The paper begins with a brief definition of modelling, followed by a classification of model types, and a comment regarding a shift (in certain circumstances) towards modelling systems at the individual-level. In particular, automata approaches (e.g. Cellular Automata, CA, and ABM) have been particularly popular, with ABM moving to the fore. A definition of agents and agent-based models is given; identifying their advantages and disadvantages, especially in relation to geospatial modelling. The potential use of agent-based models is discussed, and how-to instructions for developing an agent-based model are provided. Types of simulation / modelling systems available for ABM are defined, supplemented with criteria to consider before choosing a particular system for a modelling endeavour. Information pertaining to a selection of simulation / modelling systems (Swarm, MASON, Repast, StarLogo, NetLogo, OBEUS, AgentSheets and AnyLogic) is provided, categorised by their licensing policy (open source, shareware / freeware and proprietary systems). The evaluation (i.e. verification, calibration, validation and analysis) of agent-based models and their output is examined, and noteworthy applications are discussed.Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are a particularly useful medium for representing model input and output of a geospatial nature. However, GIS are not well suited to dynamic modelling (e.g. ABM). In particular, problems of representing time and change within GIS are highlighted. Consequently, this paper explores the opportunity of linking (through coupling or integration / embedding) a GIS with a simulation / modelling system purposely built, and therefore better suited to supporting the requirements of ABM. This paper concludes with a synthesis of the discussion that has proceeded.