Using traditional biometrical data to distinguish West Palearctic wild boar and domestic pigs in the archaeological record: new methods and standards
Using traditional biometrical data to distinguish West Palearctic wild boar and domestic pigs in the archaeological record: new methods and standards
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.033
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Dobney, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evin, Allowen;Cucchi, Thomas;Dobney, Keith
传统上，在动物考古组合中区分家猪和野猪遗骸的方法是，将简单的尺寸测量与有限数量的现代或考古参考标本的尺寸进行比较，然后应用定义不明确的分界值进行鉴定。这项研究提供了一种新的统计框架，使用来自407头西古北区野猪和家猪的大型现代比较样本的标准磨牙长度和宽度来识别家猪和野猪。我们的研究继续依赖于与两组之间的最佳分离相对应的所谓‘截止’值，但基于对错误识别的错误风险曲线的测量和可视化。平均而言，野猪的牙齿比家猪大，其最大齿长和最大齿宽分别为：第二上磨牙239 cm和1.85 cm，第三上磨牙3.69 cm和2.13 cm，第二下磨牙2.26 cm和1.50 cm，第三下磨牙3.79 cm和1.75 cm。这些截止线以下和以上的标本最有可能分别是家猪和野猪，提供错误识别的风险将取决于相对风险曲线到截止值的距离。尽管可能包含固有统计错误的高风险，但这一基本的计量鉴定工具(仅基于最近的样本)在这里被证明正确地重新鉴定了来自英国杜灵顿墙的94%的新石器时代猪为家猪。这一工具不仅可以用来系统地重新评估以前的野生或家养Sus scrofa的鉴定，而且还可以用来建立新的鉴定，在这些鉴定中，不能使用更强大和可靠的方法，如几何形态计量学。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Traditionally, the separation of domestic pig remains from those of wild boar in zooarchaeological assemblages has been based on the comparison of simple size measurements with those from limited numbers of modern or archaeological reference specimens and then applying poorly defined cut-off values to make the identification calls. This study provides a new statistical framework for the identification of both domestic and wild Sus scrofa using standard molar tooth lengths and widths from a large modern comparative collection consisting of 407 West Palearctic wild boar and domestic pigs. Our study continues to rely upon so-called 'cut-off' values that correspond to the optimal separation between the two groups, but based upon a measure and visualisation of the error risk curves for erroneous identifications. On average, wild boar have larger teeth than domestic pigs and cut-off values were established for maximum tooth length and width, respectively as follows: 239 cm and 1.85 cm for second upper molar, 3.69 cm and 2.13 cm for third upper molar, 2.26 cm and 1.50 cm for second lower molar, 3.79 cm and 1.75 cm for third lower molar. Specimens below and above these cut-offs are most likely to be, respectively, domestic pig and wild boar and the risk of providing a wrong identification will depend on the distance to the cut-off value following a relative risk curve. Although likely containing high risk of inherent statistical error, nonetheless this basic metrical identification-tool (based only on recent specimens), is here shown to correctly re-identify 94% of the Neolithic pigs from Durrington Walls (England) as domestic pig. This tool could be employed not only to systematically re-evaluate previous identifications of wild or domestic Sus scrofa, but also to establish new identifications where more powerful and reliable approaches such as Geometric Morphometrics cannot be applied. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.