Control of cortical rigidity by the cytoskeleton: emerging roles for septins.
Control of cortical rigidity by the cytoskeleton: emerging roles for septins.
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DOI：
10.1002/cm.20461
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发表时间：
2010-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Krummel, Matthew F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilden, Julia;Krummel, Matthew F.
皮质是细胞最外层的区域，包括从质膜到皮质肌动蛋白细胞骨架的所有元素，这些元素共同维持细胞的形状和拓扑结构。在没有细胞壁的真核生物中，这种皮质控制着它们的质膜与环境之间的接触，从而影响细胞的形状、运动和信号。因此，了解细胞如何控制它们的大脑皮层，无论是在全球范围内还是在较小的子域上，都是相当有意义的。在这里，我们回顾了目前对这种控制的理解，包括通过外向静水压力和皮质张力的平衡来调节细胞形状。肌动蛋白细胞骨架是大脑皮层僵硬的典型调节器，事实上，许多人认为大脑皮层几乎完全由肌动蛋白组成。然而，这个肌动球蛋白阵列与膜紧密相连，例如通过ERM和PIP2蛋白。此外，脂膜可能会经历其他参与者的强直化，如bar蛋白。最近的数据还表明，细胞骨架在细胞膜的稳定中可能发挥着强大和更直接的作用，特别是在细胞从环境中获得有限的外部稳定的情况下。在这里，我们从它们的物理形态、它们直接结合和修饰膜和肌动球蛋白的能力以及它们与囊泡机械的相互作用等方面综述了它们如何发挥这一作用。因此，隔膜蛋白细胞骨架性质的缺陷和改变可能与多种疾病相关。
The cortex is the outermost region of the cell, comprising all of the elements from the plasma membrane to the cortical actin cytoskeleton that cooperate to maintain the cell’s shape and topology. In eukaryotes without cell walls, this cortex governs the contact between their plasma membranes and the environment and thereby influences cell shape, motility, and signaling. It is therefore of considerable interest to understand how cells control their cortices, both globally and with respect to small sub-domains. Here we review the current understanding of this control, including the regulation of cell shape by balances of outward hydrostatic pressure and cortical tension. The actomyosin cytoskeleton is the canonical regulator of cortical rigidity and indeed many would consider the cortex to comprise the actin cortex nearly exclusively. However, this actomyosin array is intimately linked to the membrane, for example via ERM and PIP2 proteins. Additionally, the lipid membrane likely undergoes rigidification by other players, such as BAR proteins. Recent data also indicates that the septin cytoskeleton may play a formidable and more direct role in stabilization of membranes, particularly in contexts where cells receive limited external stabilization from their environments. Here, we review how septins may play this role, drawing on their physical form, their ability to directly bind and modify membranes and actomyosin, and their interactions with vesicular machinery. Deficiencies and alterations in the nature of the septin cytoskeleton may thus be relevant in multiple disease settings.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2008-06-16
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
1993-05
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
2000-05-15
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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