A method to screen U.S. environmental biomonitoring data for race/ethnicity and income-related disparity.
A method to screen U.S. environmental biomonitoring data for race/ethnicity and income-related disparity.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-12-114
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发表时间：
2013-12-19
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Corrales MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Belova A;Greco SL;Riederer AM;Olsho LE;Corrales MA
环境生物监测数据提供了一种方法来检查种族/民族和收入相关的暴露差异，并确定潜在的环境正义问题。我们筛选了2001-2008年美国国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）生物监测数据，其中有228种化学物质，用于种族/民族和收入相关的差异。我们根据种族/民族定义了六个亚组-墨西哥裔美国人，非西班牙裔黑人，非西班牙裔白人-和收入-低收入：贫困收入比（PIR）<2，高收入：PIR ≥ 2。我们通过比较每个亚组与参考亚组（非西班牙裔白色/高收入）的生物监测浓度的集中趋势（几何平均值[GM]）来评估差异，并使用Holm-Bonferroni程序调整多重比较。有足够的数据来估计108种化学品的至少一个几何均值比（GMR）; 37种化学品的GMR至少有一个统计学差异。有证据表明，以下12种化学品存在潜在的环境正义问题（GMR显著大于1）：可替宁;锑;铅;铊; 2，4-和2，5-二氯苯酚; p，p '-二氯二苯基二氯乙烯;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和丙酯;以及邻苯二甲酸单乙酯、单异丁基和单正丁酯。还有证据表明，25种化学品（其中17种为多氯联苯）的GMR显著低于1。虽然我们的许多结果与美国文献一致，但与环境正义相关的发现对于二氯苯酚和某些金属是新颖的。
Environmental biomonitoring data provide one way to examine race/ethnicity and income-related exposure disparity and identify potential environmental justice concerns. We screened U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2008 biomonitoring data for 228 chemicals for race/ethnicity and income-related disparity. We defined six subgroups by race/ethnicity—Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white—and income—Low Income: poverty income ratio (PIR) <2, High Income: PIR ≥ 2. We assessed disparity by comparing the central tendency (geometric mean [GM]) of the biomonitoring concentrations of each subgroup to that of the reference subgroup (non-Hispanic white/High Income), adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni procedure. There were sufficient data to estimate at least one geometric mean ratio (GMR) for 108 chemicals; 37 had at least one GMR statistically different from one. There was evidence of potential environmental justice concern (GMR significantly >1) for 12 chemicals: cotinine; antimony; lead; thallium; 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol; p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; methyl and propyl paraben; and mono-ethyl, mono-isobutyl, and mono-n-butyl phthalate. There was also evidence of GMR significantly <1 for 25 chemicals (of which 17 were polychlorinated biphenyls). Although many of our results were consistent with the U.S. literature, findings relevant to environmental justice were novel for dichlorophenols and some metals.