Reasons for smoking and severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms when using nicotine chewing gum.
Reasons for smoking and severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms when using nicotine chewing gum.
复制标题
吸烟的原因以及使用尼古丁口香糖时残留尼古丁戒断症状的严重程度。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03485.x
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Abrams,DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niaura,R;Goldstein,MG;Ward,KD;Abrams,DB
在使用尼古丁口香糖进行戒烟治疗之前，65名吸烟者完成了霍恩吸烟原因测试、法格斯特罗姆耐受性问卷，并对吸烟史进行了评估，包括唾液可替宁浓度。这些措施用于预测残余尼古丁戒断症状的严重程度，并在尝试戒烟的前两周每天评估吸烟冲动。单变量分析表明，由于处理、渴望和应对负面影响的原因吸烟与第一周的残余戒断症状和冲动呈正相关。出于刺激和习惯的原因吸烟也与残余戒断呈正相关，而出于愉悦的吸烟与吸烟的冲动相关。在控制尼古丁口香糖同时使用的水平后，分析表明，只有由于刺激的原因吸烟才能预测残留戒断。吸烟的冲动与治疗期间的吸烟水平呈正相关，也与吸烟的渴望和处理的原因呈正相关。因此，吸烟原因的个体差异似乎会影响尼古丁残留戒断症状的严重程度和咀嚼尼古丁口香糖时吸烟的冲动。从不同给药途径对尼古丁的增强作用的角度讨论了刺激吸烟和戒断的研究结果。
Prior to smoking cessation treatment using nicotine chewing gum, 65 smokers completed the Horn Reasons for Smoking Test, the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and were assessed on measures of smoking history including saliva cotinine concentration. These measures were used to predict severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke assessed on a daily basis during the first 2 weeks of attempted abstinence. Univariate analyses indicated that smoking for reasons of handling, craving and to cope with negative affect correlated positively with both residual withdrawal symptoms and urges during the first week. Smoking for reasons of stimulation and habit were also correlated positively with residual withdrawal, and smoking for pleasure correlated with urges to smoke. After controlling for concurrent level of nicotine gum use, analyses suggested that only smoking for reasons of stimulation predicted residual withdrawal. Urges to smoke were positively related to level of smoking during treatment and also to smoking for reasons of craving and handling. Thus, it appears that individual differences in reasons for smoking influence severity of residual nicotine withdrawal symptoms and urges to smoke while chewing nicotine gum. The findings for stimulation smoking and withdrawal are discussed in terms of the reinforcing properties of nicotine with different routes of administration.