Hematite fault rock thermochronometry and textures inform fault zone processes

Hematite fault rock thermochronometry and textures inform fault zone processes
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赤铁矿断层岩热测时法和纹理为断层带过程提供信息

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104002
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Ault, Alexis K.
Ault, Alexis K.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ault, Alexis K.

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断层表面上的矿物记录了断层滑动过程中流体-岩石的相互作用、应变和/或热量。含断层赤铁矿具有(U-Th)/He(He)热计时特征。赤铁矿He测年反映了与断层有关的过程或折返作用,这取决于赤铁矿生长在粒度控制的闭合温度之上或之下,以及促进开放系统行为的过程。要消除这些现象,需要多尺度的赤铁矿纹理表征和对环境热历史的限制,而不是传统的热计时。这种方法的两个例子包括从地震活跃的UT Wasatch断裂带(WFZ)和平行于圣安德烈亚斯断层(Mecca Hills,CA)南部的彩绘峡谷断层(PCF)中挖掘出的破坏带中的赤铁矿覆层断层表面的调查。WFZ断裂镜保存了亚μm尺度的多边形颗粒结构和赤铁矿He数据模式,与寄主岩石磷灰石He数据一起,与破坏带地震活动期间局部摩擦生热、赤铁矿He损失和赤铁矿重结晶相一致。与之相反,PCF赤铁矿滑面由类似鳞片状粘土组构的片状、纳米厚、高纵横比的片状物质组成,赤铁矿通过蠕变作用记录了0.7-0.4 Ma的同运动学成矿作用。这些案例研究突出了综合赤铁矿结构观测和有针对性的断层岩石计时技术的力量,以告知地震到无地震滑动过程的时间和条件。
Minerals on fault surfaces record fluid-rock interaction, strain, and/or heat during fault slip. Fault-hosted hematite is amenable to (U–Th)/He (He) thermochronometry. Hematite He dates reflect fault-related processes or exhumation, depending on hematite growth above or below the grain-size controlled closure temperature and processes that promote open system behavior. Deconvolving these phenomena requires multi-scale hematite textural characterization and constraints on the ambient thermal history from conventional thermochronometry. Two examples of this approach include investigations of hematite-coated fault surfaces from exhumed damage zones in the seismically active Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), UT, and Painted Canyon fault (PCF) paralleling the southern San Andreas fault, Mecca Hills, CA. WFZ fault mirrors preserve sub-μm-scale polygonal grain textures and hematite He data patterns that, together with host-rock apatite He data, are consistent with localized friction-generated heat, hematite He loss, and hematite recrystallization during damage zone seismicity <4.5 Ma. In contrast, PCF hematite slip surfaces comprise foliated, nm-thick, high-aspect ratio plates, analogous to scaly clay fabrics, and hematite He dates record syn-kinematic mineralization episodes ~0.7–0.4 Ma via creep processes. These case studies highlight the power of integrated hematite textural observations and targeted fault rock thermochronometry to inform the timing and conditions of seismic to aseismic slip processes.
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