EVOLUTION IN STAPHYLINID GENUS PRIOCHIRUS (COLEOPTERA)
EVOLUTION IN STAPHYLINID GENUS PRIOCHIRUS (COLEOPTERA)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00188.x
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
GREENSLADE, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GREENSLADE, PJ
1)热带原木栖息属Priochirus的分类取决于头部的特征，特别是额齿和侧齿的形状(图1)，分为亚属、组和种组。亚属的形态关系表明，所有的亚属都可以起源于现有的Plastus亚属中的单个茎，或者非常接近。亚属被解释为一系列独立的辐射，所有这些辐射都经过四个等级：A，具有两个主要侧齿的简单头部状况；B，获得额外的牙齿；C，头部结构的多样化；D，极端的头部结构，通常与巨大的凸体有关。伴随着这个序列，物种的数量在A级和B级之间上升，在C级达到最大值，在D级下降。2)亚属Plastus和关系密切的Priochirus sens Stright亚属。从马达加斯加，通过东方地区到中美洲，有广泛的联合分布。其他亚属形成了一个地理序列，其中序列A-D中最先进的亚属出现在亚洲大陆和远至日本以北的大型相邻岛屿上，而最不先进的亚属集中在新几内亚。在后一地区，动物群的运动方向是从东方区到新几内亚，然后进入太平洋。这是一个更大的模式的一部分，在这个模式中，辐射中心从西向东移动，从更大的陆地块移动到更小的陆地块。3)对所罗门群岛Priochirus动物群的分析(Greenslade，1972)的结论适用于该属的整体历史。分类群的地理扩展、辐射和灭绝与不同的选择过程有关，这取决于植被类型和原木生境的稳定性以及原木中相关动物群的大小和组成。与影响辐射早期阶段的选择不同，选择作用于在可预见的和一贯不利的条件下存在的山区和寒冷气候中的残留分类群。
1) The classification of the tropical, log-inhabiting genus Priochirus into subgenera, sections and species groups depends on characters of the head, especially the form of frontal and lateral teeth (Fig. 1). The morphological relationships of subgenera suggest that all can be derived from a single stem in, or very near the existing subgenus Plastus. The subgenera are interpreted as a series of independent radiations all of which pass through four grades: A, simple head condition with two main lateral teeth; B, acquisition of additional teeth; C, diversification of head structure; D, extreme head structure, typically associated with a large, convex body. Accompanying this sequence, the number of species rises between grades A and B, reaches a maximum in grade C and declines in grade D. 2) Subgenus Plastus and the closely related subgenus Priochirus sens strict. have a wide, joint distribution from Madagascar, through the Oriental region to Central America. The other subgenera form a geographical series in which those most advanced in the sequence A-D occur in continental Asia and large adjacent islands as far north as Japan, while the least advanced subgenera are centred on New Guinea. In the latter area the direction of faunal movement is from the Oriental region to New Guinea and then into the Pacific. This is part of a larger pattern in which centres of radiation have moved from west to east, from larger to smaller land masses. 3) Conclusions from analysis of the Priochirus fauna of the Solomon Islands (Greenslade, 1972) are applied to the history of the genus as a whole. Geographical expansion, radiation and extinction of taxa are related to different selection processes which depend on stability of vegetation types and of the log habitat and on the size and composition of associated faunas in logs. Selection acting on relict taxa existing under predictably and consistently unfavourable conditions on mountains and in cool climates is contrasted with selection affecting earlier stages of radiation.