Human Paternal Lineages, Languages, and Environment in the Caucasus
Human Paternal Lineages, Languages, and Environment in the Caucasus
复制标题
高加索地区的人类父系血统、语言和环境
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Tevzadze
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Tarkhnishvili;A. Gavashelishvili;Marine Murtskhvaladze;M. Gabelaia;G. Tevzadze
描述不同种族或语言群体和地理区域的人类Y-DNA单倍群组成的出版物没有明确解释与特定生态条件有关的人类父系分布。我们的研究试图解决高加索地区的这个问题，高加索地区的地理区域面积相对较小，但拥有高度的语言、种族和Y-DNA单倍群多样性。我们用23个y染色体短串联重复标记对224名格鲁吉亚人进行基因分型，并将他们分配到他们的地理原产地。基因分型数据补充了高加索地区其他民族的单倍群组成和地理位置的已发表数据。我们使用多元统计方法来观察语言、气候和景观是否能解释Y-DNA单倍群G2、R1a、R1b、J1和J2频率的地理差异。结果表明：(1)G2与森林覆盖率高的山地相关，(2)J2与温暖地区或森林覆盖率低的山地相关，(3)J1与森林覆盖率低的山地相关。R1b与环境无关。单倍群J1和R1a分别与讲daghestan和Kipchak的人显著相关，但其他单倍群与语言没有这种简单的关联。在不同时期到达高加索地区的不同父系之间对生产区域的竞争背景下，气候和景观在形成高加索地区父系今天的空间分布方面发挥了重要作用。这种空间模式在语言分支最终形成之前就已经形成了，可能是在新石器时代到青铜时代。后来的历史动荡对父系构成和空间分布影响不大。根据我们的研究结果，人类和他们的语言从中东、欧亚大陆西部和东欧平原向高加索地区的冰川后扩张的情景是可信的。
ABSTRACT Publications that describe the composition of the human Y-DNA haplogroup in different ethnic or linguistic groups and geographic regions provide no explicit explanation of the distribution of human paternal lineages in relation to specific ecological conditions. Our research attempts to address this topic for the Caucasus, a geographic region that encompasses a relatively small area but harbors high linguistic, ethnic, and Y-DNA haplogroup diversity. We genotyped 224 men that identified themselves as ethnic Georgian for 23 Y-chromosome short tandem-repeat markers and assigned them to their geographic places of origin. The genotyped data were supplemented with published data on haplogroup composition and location of other ethnic groups of the Caucasus. We used multivariate statistical methods to see if linguistics, climate, and landscape accounted for geographical differences in frequencies of the Y-DNA haplogroups G2, R1a, R1b, J1, and J2. The analysis showed significant associations of (1) G2 with well-forested mountains, (2) J2 with warm areas or poorly forested mountains, and (3) J1 with poorly forested mountains. R1b showed no association with environment. Haplogroups J1 and R1a were significantly associated with Daghestanian and Kipchak speakers, respectively, but the other haplogroups showed no such simple associations with languages. Climate and landscape in the context of competition over productive areas among different paternal lineages, arriving in the Caucasus in different times, have played an important role in shaping the present-day spatial distribution of patrilineages in the Caucasus. This spatial pattern had formed before linguistic subdivisions were finally shaped, probably in the Neolithic to Bronze Age. Later historical turmoil had little influence on the patrilineage composition and spatial distribution. Based on our results, the scenario of postglacial expansions of humans and their languages to the Caucasus from the Middle East, western Eurasia, and the East European Plain is plausible.
影响因子：
7
作者：
A. Redd
通讯作者：
A. Redd
DOI：
10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.002
发表时间：
2012-12
期刊：
Forensic science international. Genetics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gill P;Gusmão L;Haned H;Mayr WR;Morling N;Parson W;Prieto L;Prinz M;Schneider H;Schneider PM;Weir BS
通讯作者：
Weir BS
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Sengupta, S;Zhivotovsky, LA;Underhill, PA
通讯作者：
Underhill, PA