The concept of the hologenome, an epigenetic phenomenon, challenges aspects of the modern evolutionary synthesis
The concept of the hologenome, an epigenetic phenomenon, challenges aspects of the modern evolutionary synthesis
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全基因组的概念是一种表观遗传现象，对现代进化综合的各个方面提出了挑战
DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.22915
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Katz, Laura A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collens, Adena;Kelley, Emma;Katz, Laura A.
约翰·泰勒·邦纳呼吁根据地球上生命的重大转变(例如，从最初的微生物生命起源到性别进化，以及多细胞起源)重新评估进化论，这与表观遗传学和全息组概念的最新发现产生了共鸣。目前的基因组进化研究经常错误地只关注亲代和后代之间的DNA遗传。这些都符合被广泛接受的新达尔文主义框架，该框架将孟德尔遗传学与强调自然选择作为对地球生物多样性进化的解释相结合。越来越多的广泛共生的证据使这一叙述复杂化，正如斯科特·吉尔伯特在本系列中对全息生物概念的讨论中所看到的：整个生命树上的有机体通过内生共生、共生和宿主相关的微生物相互共存，并相互影响。全息图理论，再加上分子研究的观察，也要求我们以一种新的方式理解基因组--通过考虑宿主基因组及其相关微生物之间的相互作用，这是一个被称为全息组的集合体实体。我们认为，这些基因组的复杂遗传模式，加上共生体对宿主基因表达的影响，使得全息组的概念成为一种表观遗传现象。我们进一步认为，现代进化合成的全息挑战需要更新，以保持与达尔文提供支撑地球生命进化的自然规律的意图一致。
John Tyler Bonner's call to re‐evaluate evolutionary theory in light of major transitions in life on Earth (e.g., from the first origins of microbial life to the evolution of sex, and the origins of multicellularity) resonate with recent discoveries on epigenetics and the concept of the hologenome. Current studies of genome evolution often mistakenly focus only on the inheritance of DNA between parent and offspring. These are in line with the widely accepted Neo‐Darwinian framework that pairs Mendelian genetics with an emphasis on natural selection as explanations for the evolution of biodiversity on Earth. Increasing evidence for widespread symbioses complicates this narrative, as is seen in Scott Gilbert's discussion of the concept of the holobiont in this series: Organisms across the tree of life coexist with substantial influence on one another through endosymbiosis, symbioses, and host‐associated microbiomes. The holobiont theory, coupled with observations from molecular studies, also requires us to understand genomes in a new way—by considering the interactions underlain by the genome of a host plus its associated microbes, a conglomerate entity referred to as the hologenome. We argue that the complex patterns of inheritance of these genomes coupled with the influence of symbionts on host gene expression make the concept of the hologenome an epigenetic phenomenon. We further argue that the aspects of the hologenome challenge of the modern evolutionary synthesis, which requires updating to remain consistent with Darwin's intent of providing natural laws that underlie the evolution of life on Earth.