To everything (tern, tern, tern) there is a season.
To everything (tern, tern, tern) there is a season.
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一切事物（燕鸥、燕鸥、燕鸥）都有一个季节。
DOI：
10.1126/science.253.5021.740
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
J. Apler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Apler
本月晚些时候，在海豹岛上可能会发生一些令人兴奋的事情。海豹岛是缅因州波特兰以东的佩诺布斯科特湾外的一个小而几乎贫瘠的岩石。几只海鹦会扑扇翅膀上岸，如果一切顺利，它们将做一件世纪来岛上没有海鹦做过的事：选择配偶，筑巢，生下小海雀。如果他们做了表面上看起来所有鸟类都做的事情，这些成年鸟和雏鸟实际上将成为一种奇怪的新方法的先驱，重新填充以前的栖息地。参与这项实验的科学家们指望用这种方法来扭转美国各地海鸟数量的下降，这种下降似乎既悲惨又不可逆转--直到现在。这个问题简直就是一个生态上的第二十二条军规，需要真正愚弄大自然母亲。问题是这样的：海鸟不会在岛上筑巢，除非那里已经有一个自己的种群。如果按照其自然结论，这样的趋势在一个城市化、污染等使许多环境失去吸引力的世界里可能导致整个物种的最终消失。例如，海雀在19世纪80年代在海豹岛上被消灭了，因为妇女的帽子需要海雀羽毛。如今没人对这种吹嘘感兴趣了，但这种鸟不能在它们消失的地方重新开始。但现在，美国奥杜邦学会的一个研究小组发现，精心制作的视觉和听觉复制品可以成为吸引海雀回来繁殖的诱惑之歌。在海豹岛和周围的一些小岛上，鸟类学家人工饲养海雀，然后用涂有弹性涂料的诱饵和太阳能驱动的音箱播放海雀叫声的录音。结果是在附近的岛屿上取得了成功，因此今年夏天对海豹岛实验持乐观态度。当然，这只是个开始。野生动物管理者的共识是，多达300种已经在濒危物种名单上的殖民地沿海海鸟，可以通过生物学家正在开发的这种和其他欺骗性方法来恢复数量。山姆
LATER THIS MONTH, SOMETHING EXCITING IS likely to happen on Seal Island, a tiny, nearly barren rock in outer Penobscot Bay east of Portland, Maine. A few puffins will flutter ashore, and ifeverything goes right they will do what no puffins have done on the island for more than a century: choose mates, nest, and produce baby puffins. If they do what might appear on the surface to be what all birds do, these adults and chicks will actu-ally be pioneers in a curious new method of repopulating former habitats. The scientists involved in this experiment are counting on the method to reverse the decline ofseabird populations around the United States, a decline that had seemed both tragic and irreversible-until now. The problem has been nothing short of an ecological Catch-22 that requires actu-ally fooling Mother Nature. The catch goes like this: Seabirds won't nest on an island unless there's already a colony of their own kind there. Iffollowed to its natural conclu-sion, a trend like this-in a world where urbanization, pollution, and so on can ren-der many environments unattractive-could lead to the eventual disappearances ofentire species. Puffins, for example, were wiped out on Seal Island in the 1880s because of the demand for puffin feathers for I women's hats. No one is much interested in such puffery today, but the birds can't get started again where once they disappeared.But now a team from the National Audubon Society is finding that exquisitely crafted visual and auditory replicas can be the siren song that draws puffins back to breed. On Seal Island and some of the surroundingislets, ornithologists hand-reared puffins and then used elabo-rately painted decoys and solar-powered boom boxes playing tape recordings of puffin calls. The result has been successes at nearby islands, hence this summer's optimism for the Seal Island experiment. And, of course, this is just the beginning. The consensus among wildlife manag-ers is that as many as 30colonial coastal seabirds, already on the list ofendangered species, could be brought back in number with this and other deceptive methods that biologists are developing. Sam