Coarse and fine particles and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a follow-up study
Coarse and fine particles and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a follow-up study
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500094
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lipsett, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ostro, BD;Broadwin, R;Lipsett, MJ
许多流行病学研究提供了证据，证明环境颗粒物（以 PM10 为单位）与每日死亡率之间存在关联。这些研究大多是在城市地区进行的，那里的 PM10 与直径小于 2.5 微米的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 高度相关并以其为主。很少有研究调查与粗模式粒子（直径在 2.5 至 10 μm 之间）比例相关的影响。在之前的一项研究中，我们使用了洛杉矶以东的沙漠度假胜地和退休区科切拉山谷 1989 年至 1992 年的数据，报告了 PM10 与几种不同的死亡率指标之间的关联 [Ostro B.D.、Hurley S. 和 Lipsett M.J. 加利福尼亚州科切拉山谷的空气污染和每日死亡率：对以粗颗粒为主的 PM10 的研究。环境。资源。 1999：81：231-238]。在这种干旱环境中，地质来源的粗颗粒与 PM10 高度相关，约占 PM10 的 60%，在风事件期间增加至 >90%。本研究旨在使用 10 年（1989-1998 年）每日死亡率和 PM10 数据重复之前的调查。过去 2.5 年的数据还包括每日 PM2.5 测量值，以便检查特定规模的影响。为了确保足够的统计能力，我们尝试开发细颗粒和粗颗粒的预测模型，用于整个 10 年期间的分析。仅对粗颗粒进行了可接受的拟合，发现粗颗粒是 PM10 的三次函数 (R-2=0.95)。结果变量包括每日死亡率的多项指标，包括全因死亡率（减去事故和凶杀）、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率。采用广义加性模型的多元泊松回归分析来解释这些端点的变化，并使用局部加权平滑技术控制温度、湿度、星期几、季节和时间。检查了长达 4 天的污染滞后。多种污染物与全因死亡率相关，包括 PM2.5、一氧化碳和二氧化氮。对于心血管特异性死亡率，发现了更一致的结果，其中与粗颗粒（RR = 1.02；95% C.I.，1.01-1.04）、PM10（RR = 1.03；95% C.I.，1.01-1.05）相关。所有污染物均与呼吸道特异性死亡率无关。臭氧与任何死亡结果均无关。这些发现与我们之前报道的 1989-1992 年科切拉山谷的结果基本一致，表明在颗粒物浓度以粗颗粒浓度为主的环境中，颗粒物的几种测量值与每日死亡率之间存在关联。
Many epidemiological studies provide evidence of an association between ambient particles, measured as PM10, and daily mortality. Most of these studies have been conducted in urban areas where PM10 is highly correlated with and dominated by fine particles less than 2.5 mum in diameter (PM2.5). Fewer studies have investigated impacts associated with the fraction of coarse mode particles (between 2.5 and 10 mum in diameter). In a previous study using data from 1989 through 1992 in the Coachella Valley, a desert resort and retirement area east of Los Angeles, we reported associations between PM10 and several different measures of mortality [Ostro B.D., Hurley S., and Lipsett M.J. Air pollution and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: a study of PM10 dominated by coarse particles. Environ. Res. 1999: 81: 231-238]. In this arid environment, coarse particles of geologic origin are highly correlated with and comprise approximately 60% of PM10, increasing to >90% during wind events. This study was intended to repeat the earlier investigation using 10 years (1989-1998) of daily data on mortality and PM10. The last 2.5 years of data also included daily measures of PM2.5, allowing examination of size-specific impacts. To ensure adequate statistical power, we attempted to develop predictive models for both fine and coarse particles to use in analyses of the full 10-year period. An acceptable fit was found only for coarse particles, which were found to be a cubic function of PM10 (R-2=0.95). Outcome variables included several measures of daily mortality, including all-cause (minus accidents and homicides), cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses using generalized additive models were employed to explain the variation in these endpoints, controlling for temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, and time, using locally weighted smoothing techniques. pollution lags of up to 4 days were examined. Several pollutants were associated with all-cause mortality including PM2.5, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. More consistent results were found for cardiovascular-specific mortality, for which associations were found for coarse particles (RR = 1.02; 95% C.I., 1.01-1.04), PM10 (RR = 1.03; 95% C.I., 1.01-1.05). None of the pollutants was associated with respiratory-specific mortality. Ozone was not associated with any of the mortality outcomes. These findings are generally consistent with those we previously reported for the Coachella Valley for the period 1989-1992, demonstrating associations between several measures of particulate matter and daily mortality in an environment in which particulate concentrations are dominated by the coarse fraction.