Cosmic ray shower rate variations detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment during thunderstorms-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1103/physrevd.106.022008

发表时间：

2022-07

期刊：

Physical Review D

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

物理与天体物理2区

文献类型：

作者：

Axikegu;B. Bartoli;P. Bernardini;X. Bi;Z. Cao;S. Catalanotti;S. Z. Chen-S. Z.-Chen-2125235118;T. L. Chen-T. L.-Chen-2125451023;S. Cui;B. Dai;A. D’Amone;Danzengluobu;I. De Mitri;B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli;T. Di Girolamo;G. Di Sciascio;C. Feng;Z. Feng;W. Gao;Q. Gou;Y. Q. Guo-Y. Q.-Guo-2172778297;H. He;Haibing Hu;Hong-Bo Hu;M. Iacovacci;R. Iuppa;H. Jia;Labaciren;H. J. Li-H. J.-Li-2124531316;C. Liu;J. Liu;M. Y. Liu-M. Y.-Liu-2155613339;H. Lu;L. L. Ma-L. ;X. H. Ma-X. H.-Ma-2218114377;G. Mancarella;S. Mari;G. Marsella;S. Mastroianni;P. Montini;C. Ning;L. Perrone;P. Pistilli;P. Salvini;R. Santonico;P. Shen;X. Sheng;F. Shi;A. Surdo;Y. Tan;P. Vallania;S. Vernetto;C. Vigorito;Hong Wang;C. Y. Wu-C. Y.-Wu-2125234950;H. R. Wu-H. R.-Wu-2148454505;L. Xue;Q. Yang;X. C. Yang-X. C.-Yang-2179705346;Z. Yao;A. Yuan;M. Zha;H. M. Zhang-H. M.-Zhang-2125255499;L. Zhang;X. Y. Zhang-X. Y.-Zhang-2124915171;Y. Zhang;J. Zhao;Zhaxiciren;Zhaxisangzhu;X. X. Zhou-X. ;F. Zhu;Q. Zhu

ARGO-YBJ探测器位于羊八井宇宙射线实验室（海拔4300 m， a.s. l.），高海拔位置和雷暴频发使得ARGO-YBJ适合研究大气电场（AEF）对二次宇宙射线的影响。通过分析ARGO-YBJ探测器在雷暴期间记录的数据，发现了探测到的阵雨率的显著变化。在2012年的20次雷暴事件中，阵雨率的变化（幅度的增加和减少都达到几个百分点）与AEF的强度和极性相关，并且强烈依赖于主天顶角。为了理解观察到的行为，使用corsikaand4argo（基于ongeant4的代码）进行了蒙特卡罗模拟。我们发现数据与模拟结果非常一致，假设在观测层以上的大气中存在一个厚度为500米的均匀电场。由于AEF根据二次带电粒子（主要是电子和正电子）的电荷进行加速/减速和偏转，改变了能量超过探测器阈值的粒子的数量和位置。由于电子和正电子通量、光谱和横向分布的差异，AEF对阵雨粒子有不对称的影响，在地面上产生了显著的粒子模式变化，从而对探测到的阵雨率产生了影响，这与观测结果一致。

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a “full coverage” air shower array. The high altitude location and the frequent occurrence of thunderstorms, made ARGO-YBJ suitable to study the effects of atmospheric electric fields (AEF) on secondary cosmic rays. By analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ detector recorded during thunderstorms, significant variations of the rate of detected showers have been observed. During 20 thunderstorm episodes in 2012, the variations of the shower rates (both increases and decreases of amplitudes up to a few percent) are found to be correlated to the intensity and polarity of the AEF, and strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. To understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed withcorsikaandg4argo (a code based ongeant4). We found that the data are well consistent with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field in a layer of thickness of 500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the AEF accelerates/decelerates and deflects the secondary charged particles (mainly electrons and positrons) according to their charge, modifying the number and position of particles with energy exceeding the detector threshold. For the differences in electron and positron flux, spectrum, and lateral distribution, the AEF has an asymmetric effect on the shower particles, producing significant variations of the particle pattern on the ground, and, consequently, on the rate of detected showers, consistent with observations.

Cosmic ray shower rate variations detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment during thunderstorms

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