Competition as a source of constraint on life history evolution in natural populations.
Competition as a source of constraint on life history evolution in natural populations.
复制标题
竞争是自然种群生命史进化的制约因素。
作者：
Wilson AJ
个体之间的竞争是我们理解生态学和种群动态的核心。然而，它也可能对资源依赖性生活史特征（例如，生长，繁殖力）的进化产生重大影响，这些特征是自然种群适应性的重要决定因素。这是因为当竞争发生时，每个个体的表型将受到竞争者的表型以及基因型的因果影响。理论告诉我们，竞争相互作用产生的间接遗传效应会导致“进化环境恶化”现象，并成为自然选择下资源依赖性状的进化约束来源。然而，这一限制究竟有多重要仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本文旨在刺激实证研究在这一领域，首先强调一些模式出现的生活史研究是一致的竞争为基础的模型的进化约束，然后描述几个定量建模策略，可以有效地应用。一个经常出现的主题是，严格量化的竞争对生活史进化的影响，将需要了解的因果途径和行为过程中，遗传（协）方差结构的出现。知识的G-矩阵之间的生活史特征是不，在和本身，足以识别竞争所造成的限制。
Competition among individuals is central to our understanding of ecology and population dynamics. However, it could also have major implications for the evolution of resource-dependent life history traits (for example, growth, fecundity) that are important determinants of fitness in natural populations. This is because when competition occurs, the phenotype of each individual will be causally influenced by the phenotypes, and so the genotypes, of competitors. Theory tells us that indirect genetic effects arising from competitive interactions will give rise to the phenomenon of ‘evolutionary environmental deterioration’, and act as a source of evolutionary constraint on resource-dependent traits under natural selection. However, just how important this constraint is remains an unanswered question. This article seeks to stimulate empirical research in this area, first highlighting some patterns emerging from life history studies that are consistent with a competition-based model of evolutionary constraint, before describing several quantitative modelling strategies that could be usefully applied. A recurrent theme is that rigorous quantification of a competition’s impact on life history evolution will require an understanding of the causal pathways and behavioural processes by which genetic (co) variance structures arise. Knowledge of the G-matrix among life history traits is not, in and of itself, sufficient to identify the constraints caused by competition.