Racial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Healthcare: The Continuation of Inequality in the United States Due to Structural Racism
Racial Disparities in Health Status and Access to Healthcare: The Continuation of Inequality in the United States Due to Structural Racism
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/ajes.12230
复制
发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Yearby, Ruqaiijah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yearby, Ruqaiijah
在1877年至1954年的吉姆·克劳时代，联邦政府赞助并支持种族隔离和不平等的资源分配，包括但不限于教育、住房、就业和医疗保健。1954年5月14日，最高法院在布朗诉教育委员会案中裁定，隔离和不平等的教育违反了宪法，因为隔离本身就是不平等的。许多人认为，这项裁决、1957年、1960年、1964年、1968年的《民权法案》和1965年的《投票权法案》将结束美国对非洲裔美国人的不平等待遇。然而，不平等今天仍然存在，因为裁决和法律没有改变美国的结构。具体而言，结构性种族主义阻碍了非裔美国人获得财富、就业、收入和医疗保健等资源的平等机会，造成了健康方面的种族差异。由于非洲裔美国人和白种人之间的种族差异是美国研究最多的，本文将专门关注结构性种族主义如何持续并导致非洲裔美国人和白种人在财富、就业、收入和医疗保健方面的种族不平等，从而导致获得医疗保健和健康状况方面的种族差异。
During the Jim Crow era of 1877 to 1954, the federal government sponsored and supported the racially separate and unequal distribution of resources, including, but not limited to, education, housing, employment, and healthcare. On May 14, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate and unequal education violated the Constitution because separate is inherently unequal. Many believed that this ruling, the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 would put an end to the unequal treatment of African Americans in the United States. However, inequalities still exist today because the ruling and the laws did not change the structures of the United States. Specifically, structural racism prevents African Americans from obtaining equal access to resources such as wealth, employment, income, and healthcare, resulting in racial disparities in health. Because racial disparities between African Americans and Caucasians are the most studied in the United States, this article will focus exclusively on how structural racism continues and causes racial inequalities between African Americans and Caucasians in wealth, employment, income, and healthcare, which lead to racial disparities in access to healthcare and health status.