GFP imaging of live astrocytes: regional differences in the effects of ischaemia upon astrocytes
GFP imaging of live astrocytes: regional differences in the effects of ischaemia upon astrocytes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00731.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Fern, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shannon, Clare;Salter, Mike;Fern, Robert
白色物质“纤维状”星形胶质细胞和灰质“原生质状”星形胶质细胞之间的基本划分是根据它们的形态差异而建立的。绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达仅限于特定胶质细胞类型的转基因动物的可用性，现在提供了一种方法，在两种星形胶质细胞类型的细胞数量和形态的变化，在整个安装准备。这是一个重要的目标，因为产生星形胶质细胞培养物的容易性导致了体外研究缺血对星形胶质细胞影响的研究的激增。这反过来又产生了一种信念，即星形胶质细胞对缺血性损伤具有非凡的抵抗力，这种信念与体内和整体制备的几乎所有数据背道而驰。这种混淆的一个可能来源是损伤后星形胶质细胞中发生的反应性变化，其中包括细胞数量增加，这可能掩盖早期星形胶质细胞死亡，并且据报道在缺血事件的数小时内开始。然而，我们在这里表明，无论是白色物质或灰质GFP（+）星形胶质细胞表现出任何功能的反应性星形胶质细胞在180分钟内的再灌注后，在新生儿整体安装准备模拟缺血。我们还表明，白色物质星形胶质细胞对缺血再灌注损伤比灰质星形胶质细胞更敏感，这一特征可能对白色物质束发育障碍如脑瘫具有重要意义。
The basic division between white matter 'fibrous' astrocytes and grey matter 'protoplasmic' astrocytes is well established in terms of their morphological differences. The availability of transgenic animals with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression restricted to specific glial cell types now provides an approach for looking at changes in cell number and morphology in the two astrocyte types in whole mount preparations. This is an important goal, as the ease of generating astrocyte cultures has led to a proliferation of studies that have examined ischaemic effects on astrocytes in vitro. This has in turn engendered a belief that astrocytes have an extraordinary resistance to ischaemic injury, a belief that runs counter to almost all the data available from in vivo and whole-mount preparations. One possible source of this confusion is the reactive changes that occur in astrocytes following injury, which include an increase in cell number that may obscure early astrocyte cell death and which has been reported to initiate within hours of an ischaemic event. However, we show here that neither white matter nor grey matter GFP(+) astrocytes exhibit any feature of reactive astrocytosis within a 180-min period of reperfusion following modelled ischaemia in neonatal whole-mount preparations. We also show that white matter astrocytes are much more sensitive to ischaemia-reperfusion injury than are grey matter astrocytes, a feature that may have high significance for developmental disorders of white matter tracts such as cerebral palsy.