Reproductive timing as an explanation for skewed parentage assignment ratio in a bisexually philopatric population
Reproductive timing as an explanation for skewed parentage assignment ratio in a bisexually philopatric population
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-022-03233-2
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发表时间：
2022-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mann, Janet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Foroughirad, Vivienne;McEntee, Molly;Mann, Janet
在哺乳动物中，通常可以直接观察到雌性的繁殖成功，而雄性则不然。女性生殖成功的早期相关性也可以更容易观察到，因为更高的哲学率。尽管相对罕见，但两性都留在其出生范围内的种群有助于研究配偶选择和生殖成功的性别特异性驱动因素。由于空间哲学，这些系统中的遗传亲子鉴定应该更完整，因为潜在的母亲和父亲应该平等地进行抽样。尽管如此，许多研究仍然报告说，即使是在随机抽取年龄和性别的个体时，母性多于父性。这种差异通常归因于未被观察到的近亲繁殖。在这里，我们研究了在一个双性恋爱心的宽吻海豚群落中，随机抽样的成年海豚中，母海豚的数量是父海豚的两倍，这两个潜在的驱动因素导致了有偏见的遗传亲子关系分配。我们研究了这种模式是否可以用(1)生殖时间的性别差异或(2)高水平的社区外交配来最好地解释。我们使用雌性产犊成功的长期数据来寻找基因数据收集中的偏差，并限制雄性繁殖时间模式的模拟，从而产生我们观察到的数据。我们发现，亲子关系分配的大部分偏差可以用生殖时间的差异来解释，而群落外交配的假设作用较小。我们讨论了如何明确考虑年龄影响以及近亲繁殖可以提高我们对生殖成功的性别特异性驱动因素的理解。在大多数哺乳动物中，母亲很容易被识别，因为她们为后代提供了长期的父母照顾，但父亲可能在空间或时间上缺席。在印度太平洋宽吻海豚的常住种群中，随机基因抽样检测到的母海豚数量是父海豚的两倍。我们测试了是否因为父亲不在我们的主要研究范围内，还是因为他们比母亲年龄大，可能在他们可以进行基因采样之前就去世了。我们发现，父亲的平均年龄可能比母亲大得多。我们的研究表明，在从遗传样本中估计生殖成功率时，将母系与父系进行比较可以揭示潜在的偏差来源，我们的结果可以用于未来研究中更有效的采样。
In mammals, reproductive success can often be directly observed for females, but not males. Early-life correlates of female reproductive success can also be easier to observe due to higher rates of philopatry. Though relatively uncommon, populations in which both sexes remain in their natal home ranges can facilitate studies of mate choice and sex-specific drivers of reproductive success. Genetic parentage assessment in these systems should be more complete due to spatial philopatry since the pool of potential mothers and fathers should be equally accessible for sampling. Nevertheless, many studies still report more maternities than paternities even when individuals are randomly sampled with respect to age and sex. This discrepancy is often attributed to unobserved outbreeding. Here, we investigate two potential drivers for biased genetic parentage assignment in a bisexually philopatric community of bottlenose dolphins in which twice as many maternities as paternities are assigned to randomly sampled adults. We examine whether this pattern can best be explained by (1) sex differences in reproductive timing or (2) high levels of extra-community mating. We use long-term data on female calving success to search for biases in our genetic data collection and to constrain simulations of male reproductive timing patterns that could generate our observed data. We find that the majority of the skew in parentage assignment could be explained by differences in reproductive timing, with a smaller putative role of extra-community mating. We discuss how explicitly considering age effects as well as outbreeding can improve our understanding of sex-specific drivers of reproductive success. Significance statement In most mammals, mothers are easy to identify because they provide extended parental care to their offspring, but fathers can be absent in space or time. In a resident population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, twice as many mothers as fathers are detected with random genetic sampling. We tested whether we failed to detect paternities because fathers were outside of our main study area or if they were simply older than mothers and likely died before they could be genetically sampled. We found evidence that fathers could be much older on average than mothers. We show that comparing maternities to paternities can reveal potential sources of bias when estimating reproductive success from genetic samples, and our results can be used to target more efficient sampling in future studies.