Governing by Numbers: Why Calculative Practices Matter
Governing by Numbers: Why Calculative Practices Matter
复制标题
数字治理：为什么计算实践很重要
DOI：
10.1002/9780470774274.ch10
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Peter Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter Miller
社会学家正忙于重新发现经济（Callon, 1998; Fligstein, 1990; Granovetter, 1985）。在对市场作为一种社会制度的兴趣的复兴中，连接和形成代理人的网络的作用非常重要（Callon, 1998: 8）。然而，直到最近，社会学文献中很少关注使经济可见和可衡量的计算实践（Callon, 1998； Hopwood和Miller, 1994; Miller, 1998）。特别是，会计计算实践的出现和作用在社会学文献中被忽视或边缘化。本文呼吁更多地关注这些实践，并认为重要的是要研究它们的出现，以及新的计算实践如何改变代理人、组织的能力，以及它们之间的联系。它还研究了它们如何改变它们塑造和嵌入其中的权力关系，以及特定的计算实践如何使新的方式能够作用于和影响个人的行为。换句话说，计算实践应该被分析为“政府的技术”（Rose and Miller, 1992: 183），作为一种机制，通过这种机制，政府计划得以明确表达并变得可操作。与其关注经济是如何被经济学塑造的，不如关注会计是如何塑造社会经济关系的。
Sociologists are busy rediscovering the economy (Callon, 1998; Fligstein, 1990; Granovetter, 1985). The roles of networks that connect and form agents figure large in this revival of interest in the market as a social institution (Callon, 1998: 8). Until recently, however, little attention has been devoted in the sociological literature to the calculative practices that make the economy visible and measurable qua economy (Callon, 1998; Hopwood and Miller, 1994; Miller, 1998). In particular, the emergence and roles of the calculative practices of accounting have been overlooked or marginalized in the sociological literature. This paper calls for greater attention to these practices, and argues that it is important to examine their emergence, and the ways in which new calculative practices alter the capacities of agents, organizations, and the connections among them. It also examines how they alter the power relations that they shape and are embedded within, and how particular calculative practices enable new ways of acting upon and influencing the actions of individuals. Calculative practices, in other words, should be analyzed as "technologies of government" (Rose and Miller, 1992: 183) as the mechanisms through which programs of government are articulated and made operable. Rather than focusing on the ways in which the economy is shaped by economics, attention is directed at the ways in which accounting shapes social and economic relations.