Airborne observations over the North Atlantic Ocean reveal the importance of gas-phase urea in the atmosphere.
Airborne observations over the North Atlantic Ocean reveal the importance of gas-phase urea in the atmosphere.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2218127120
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发表时间：
2023-06-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Coe, Hugh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthews, Emily;Bannan, Thomas J.;Khan, M. Anwar H.;Shallcross, Dudley E.;Stark, Harald;Browne, Eleanor C.;Archibald, Alexander T.;Mehra, Archit;Bauguittei, Stephane J. -B.;Reed, Chris;Thamban, Navaneeth M.;Wu, Huihui;Barker, Patrick;Lee, James;Carpenter, Lucy J.;Yang, Mingxi;Bell, Thomas G.;Allen, Grant;Jayne, John T.;Percival, Carl J.;McFiggansa, Gordon;Gallaghera, Martin;Coe, Hugh
还原氮(N)在海洋生物地球化学中起着非常重要的作用，然而海洋还原有机氮(ON)物种的特征很差，它们在全球N循环中的作用也是如此。我们的观察表明，生物丰富的海洋环境是大气中尿素的重要来源，大气可能为还原N在海水表面的重新分配提供快速运输途径，因此对海洋生产力有影响。我们的研究结果表明，全球海洋尿素的负担是显著的，这就需要对大气N循环进行修正。还原氮(N)是全球生物地球化学的核心，但围绕其来源和循环速度存在很大的不确定性。在这里，我们介绍了从北大西洋上空的航空高分辨率质谱计测量大气中的气相尿素(CO(NH2)2)的观测结果。结果表明，夏季、秋季和冬季，尿素普遍存在于对流层下部，春季未检测到尿素。这些观察表明，海洋是主要的排放源，但需要进一步研究才能了解其责任机制。由于燃烧生物质的羽流的长距离运输，也可以在高空观察到尿素。这些观测和全球模式模拟表明，尿素是偏远海洋大气中还原氮的一个重要组成部分，目前还没有得到解释。尿素在营养丰富和营养贫乏的海洋部分之间的空中转移很容易发生，并可能影响生态系统和海洋对二氧化碳的吸收，具有潜在的重要气候影响。
Reduced nitrogen (N) plays a fundamental role in ocean biogeochemistry, yet marine-reduced organic nitrogen (ON) species are poorly characterized as is their role in the global N cycle. Our observations suggest that biologically rich ocean environments are a significant source of urea to the atmosphere and that the atmosphere is likely to provide a fast transport route for the redistribution of reduced N across the seawater surface and as such have implications for marine productivity. Our findings show that the global marine burden of urea is significant which necessitates a revision of the atmospheric N cycle. Reduced nitrogen (N) is central to global biogeochemistry, yet there are large uncertainties surrounding its sources and rate of cycling. Here, we present observations of gas-phase urea (CO(NH2)2) in the atmosphere from airborne high-resolution mass spectrometer measurements over the North Atlantic Ocean. We show that urea is ubiquitous in the lower troposphere in the summer, autumn, and winter but was not detected in the spring. The observations suggest that the ocean is the primary emission source, but further studies are required to understand the responsible mechanisms. Urea is also observed aloft due to long-range transport of biomass-burning plumes. These observations alongside global model simulations point to urea being an important, and currently unaccounted for, component of reduced-N to the remote marine atmosphere. Airborne transfer of urea between nutrient-rich and -poor parts of the ocean can occur readily and could impact ecosystems and oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide, with potentially important climate implications.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1516847113
发表时间：
2016-01-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Altieri, Katye E.;Fawcett, Sarah E.;Hastings, Meredith G.
通讯作者：
Hastings, Meredith G.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Mace, KA;Artaxo, P;Duce, RA
通讯作者：
Duce, RA
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bratbak, G;Jacobsen, A;Heldal, M
通讯作者：
Heldal, M
影响因子：
5
作者：
Khan, M. A. H.;Gillespie, S. M. P.;Shallcross, D. E.
通讯作者：
Shallcross, D. E.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Khan, M. A. H.;Lowe, D.;Shallcross, D. E.
通讯作者：
Shallcross, D. E.