Soil health and ecosystem services: Lessons from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)
Soil health and ecosystem services: Lessons from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114342
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Sommer, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kihara, J.;Bolo, P.;Sommer, R.
改善土壤健康的管理做法影响到若干生态系统服务，包括调节水流、土壤生物多样性变化和温室气体，这些在地方、区域和全球各级都很重要。不幸的是，多年来土壤健康管理的主要重点一直是提高作物生产力，并在一定程度上提高投入物的相关经济效益和使用效率。目前正在努力研究土壤健康管理的相关生态系统效应之间的相互关系，考虑到如果不有意识地认识到这些相关的非供应生态系统服务，就不可能实现可持续集约化。本综述基于撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）农业用地的经验，记录了当前关于生态系统服务于关键管理实践的知识。因此，实施保护性农业（CA）和土壤肥力综合管理（ISFM）在增加入渗（bbb44）、减少径流（> 30%）和土壤侵蚀（> 33%）以及增加土壤生物多样性方面具有总体正效益。虽然ISFM和农林业增加了薪材、饲料和食物的供应，但CA对食物供应的影响尚不清楚。此外，从长期的角度来看，所有土壤健康促进措施都没有增加土壤有机碳（SOC）。除了少数例外，温室气体的年贡献通常较低（< 3 kg N2O / ha(-1)）。氮淋溶变化很大，从0.2到超过200公斤N公顷（-1），有时与N输入不一致。本文总结了从提供、调节、支持和文化生态系统服务等多个角度评估实践的关键考虑因素，这对未来SSA土壤健康政策和研究举措具有重要意义。
Management practices to improve soil health influence several ecosystem services including regulation of water flows, changes in soil biodiversity and greenhouse gases that are important at local, regional and global levels. Unfortunately, the primary focus in soil health management over the years has been increasing crop productivity and to some extent the associated economics and use efficiencies of inputs. There are now efforts to study the inter-relationship of associated ecosystem effects of soil health management considering that sustainable intensification cannot occur without conscious recognition of these associated non-provisioning ecosystem services. This review documents the current knowledge of ecosystem services for key management practices based on experiences from agricultural lands in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Here, practicing conservation agriculture (CA) and Integrated Soil fertility management (ISFM) have overall positive benefits on increasing infiltration (> 44), reducing runoff (> 30%) and soil erosion (> 33%) and increases soil biodiversity. While ISFM and Agroforestry increase provisioning of fuelwood, fodder and food, the effect of CA on the provisioning of food is unclear. Also, considering long-term perspectives, none of the studied soil health promoting practices are increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). Annual contributions to greenhouse gases are generally low (< 3 kg N2O ha(-1)) with few exceptions. Nitrogen leaching vary widely, from 0.2 to over 200 kg N ha(-1) and are sometimes inconsistent with N inputs. This summary of key considerations for evaluating practices from multiple perspectives including provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services is important to inform future soil health policy and research initiatives in SSA.