Dynamic Simulation of Soft Multimaterial 3D-Printed Objects
Dynamic Simulation of Soft Multimaterial 3D-Printed Objects
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DOI：
10.1089/soro.2013.0010
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Lipson, Hod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiller, Jonathan;Lipson, Hod
本文介绍了一个 2D 和 3D 仿真引擎，它以计算有效的方式对异构软体的静态、动态和非线性变形进行定量建模。有大量的工作来模拟顺从机制。这些通常假设在外力驱动下具有均匀材料特性的小变形。还有大量关于基于物理的可变形物体在计算机图形学中的应用的研究，其目的是以牺牲准确性为代价生成逼真的外观。在这里，我们提出了一个模拟框架，其中一个对象可以由任意数量的具有不同属性（刚度、密度、泊松比、热膨胀系数和摩擦系数）的散布材料组成，以实现真正的异构多材料模拟。处理碰撞是为了防止由于大变形而导致的自穿透，这也允许多个物体相互作用。采用体积驱动方法来向结构传递运动，这为新颖结构和机构的设计打开了大门。该模拟器的实现非常高效，因此可以以合适的帧速率模拟具有数千个自由度的对象，以便用户与典型台式计算机的单线程进行交互。该代码是用与平台无关的 C++ 编写的，并且是完全开源的。这项研究为以适合设计自动化的方式对自由形式 3D 多材料机构和物体进行动态模拟打开了大门。
This article describes a 2D and 3D simulation engine that quantitatively models the statics, dynamics, and nonlinear deformation of heterogeneous soft bodies in a computationally efficient manner. There is a large body of work simulating compliant mechanisms. These normally assume small deformations with homogeneous material properties actuated with external forces. There is also a large body of research on physically based deformable objects for applications in computer graphics with the purpose of generating realistic appearances at the expense of accuracy. Here we present a simulation framework in which an object may be composed of any number of interspersed materials with varying properties (stiffness, density, Poisson's ratio, thermal expansion coefficient, and friction coefficients) to enable true heterogeneous multimaterial simulation. Collisions are handled to prevent self-penetration due to large deformation, which also allows multiple bodies to interact. A volumetric actuation method is implemented to impart motion to the structures, which opens the door to the design of novel structures, and mechanisms. The simulator was implemented efficiently such that objects with thousands of degrees of freedom can be simulated at suitable frame rates for user interaction with a single thread of a typical desktop computer. The code is written in platform agnostic C++ and is fully open source. This research opens the door to the dynamic simulation of freeform 3D multimaterial mechanisms and objects in a manner suitable for design automation.