Mathematical analysis of mandibular morphogenesis by micro-CT-based mouse and alizarin red S-stained-based human studies during development
Mathematical analysis of mandibular morphogenesis by micro-CT-based mouse and alizarin red S-stained-based human studies during development
复制标题
基于微型 CT 的小鼠和基于茜素红 S 染色的人类研究在发育过程中对下颌形态发生的数学分析
作者：
Rafiq AM;Udagawa J;Lundh T;Jahan E;Matsumoto A;Sekine J;Otani H.
下颌骨的出生前发育是影响其出生后功能的重要因素。为了定量检查下颌骨的正常和异常发育变化，我们在这里通过薄板样条（TPS）（包括弯曲能（BE）和Procrustes距离（PD））以及Procrustes分析（包括翘曲分析，回归分析和判别函数分析）评估矿化下颌骨的形态变化。分别使用扫描的微计算机断层扫描（CT）图像或茜素红S染色标本，从小鼠或人胎下颌骨的侧视图计算BE和PD。比较（1）不同发育阶段之间的BE和PD，进一步检测数据集的异常并评估小鼠胎儿与正常发育的偏差，（2）在胚胎第18.5天（E）正常和畸形下颌骨之间，后者是由E15.5时的下颌骨畸形引起的，（3）在E15.5和E18.5时，受体酪氨酸激酶样孤儿受体（Ror）2的正常和敲除突变小鼠之间。在小鼠中，BE和PD在产前期间大，而在出生后第3天后小，这表明在产前和出生后早期下颌骨形状变化迅速。在人类中，下颌骨的BE在妊娠16-19周达到峰值，表明下颌骨形状的时间依赖性变化。TPS和Procrustes分析在统计学上将缝合或Ror 2突变小鼠胎儿的异常下颌骨与正常下颌骨分开。这些结果表明，TPS和Procrustes分析是有用的评估形态发生和畸形的下颌骨。Anat Rec，2012.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Prenatal development of the mandible is an important factor in its postnatal function. To examine quantitatively normal and abnormal developmental changes of the mandible, we here evaluated morphological changes in mineralizing mandibles by thin‐plate spline (TPS) including bending energy (BE) and Procrustes distance (PD), and by Procrustes analyses including warp analysis, regression analysis, and discriminant function analysis. BE and PD were calculated from lateral views of the mandibles of mice or of human fetuses using scanned micro‐computed tomography (CT) images or alizarin red S‐stained specimens, respectively. BE and PD were compared (1) between different developmental stages, and further, to detect abnormalities in the data sets and to evaluate the deviation from normal development in mouse fetuses, (2) at embryonic day (E) 18.5 between the normal and deformed mandibles, the latter being caused by suturing the jaw at E15.5, (3) at E15.5 and E18.5 between normal and knockout mutant mice of receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor (Ror) 2. In mice, BE and PD were large during the prenatal period and small after postnatal day 3, suggesting that the mandibular shape changes rapidly during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. In humans, BE of the mandibles peaked at 16–19 weeks of gestation, suggesting the time‐dependent change in the mandibular shape. TPS and Procrustes analyses statistically separated the abnormal mandibles of the sutured or Ror2 mutant mouse fetuses from the normal mandible. These results suggest that TPS and Procrustes analyses are useful for assessing the morphogenesis and deformity of the mandible. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.