Habitat, diet, macronutrient, and fiber balance of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) in the Central Himalaya, Nepal
Habitat, diet, macronutrient, and fiber balance of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) in the Central Himalaya, Nepal
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyv032
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Raubenheimer, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aryal, Achyut;Brunton, Dianne;Raubenheimer, David
喜马拉雅土拨鼠（Marmota Himalayana）遍布喜马拉雅高山生态系统。我们研究了尼泊尔上游野马地区喜马拉雅土拨鼠栖息地、饮食和常量营养素消耗的特征。土拨鼠栖息在海拔 2,900 至 4,800 米之间、靠近水源的温暖山谷中。土拨鼠使用的土壤 pH、有机质、有机碳和磷与可用栖息地相比没有差异；然而，土拨鼠洞穴栖息地的钾含量明显较低。 3 个季节（2010 年夏季、2010 年秋季和 2011 年春季）土拨鼠粪便中记录了 17 种植物，包括报春属、金露梅、高山嵩草、香青属、刺忍冬和苔草属。分析显示，植物的常量营养素总量（干物质蛋白质+碳水化合物+脂肪）与其在饮食中的出现呈正相关。对土拨鼠消耗的有限数量的植物的纤维和大量营养素平衡的分析表明，冬眠前和冬眠后之间几乎没有差异，但表明食物的蛋白质平衡在冬眠后更高。此外，饮食中植物的相对频率并不能反映它们在环境中的丰度，这表明主动选择常量营养素总浓度高的植物。
The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) occurs throughout the Himalayan alpine mountain ecosystem. We examined the characteristics of Himalayan marmot habitat, diet, and macronutrient consumption in the upper Mustang region of Nepal. Marmots inhabited warmer valleys close to water sources in areas between 2,900 and 4,800 m above sea level. Soil pH, organic matter, organic carbon, and phosphorus were not different in marmot use versus available habitat; however, potash levels significantly lower in marmot burrow habitat. Seventeen species of plants, including Primula spp., Potentilla fruticosa, Kobresia pygmaea, Anaphalis contorta, Lonicera spinosa, and Carex spp., were recorded in marmot scats over 3 seasons (summer 2010, autumn 2010, and spring 2011). Analysis showed a positive correlation between the total macronutrient content (dry matter protein + carbohydrate + fat) of plants and their occurrence in the diet. Analysis of the fiber and macronutrient balance of a limited number of plants consumed by marmots showed little difference between pre- and post-hibernation, but suggested that protein balance of foods was higher post-hibernation. Furthermore, relative frequency of plants in the diet did not reflect their abundance in the environment, suggesting active selection of plants high in total macronutrient concentration.