The Developing Social Context of Infant Helping in Two U.S. Samples.
The Developing Social Context of Infant Helping in Two U.S. Samples.
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DOI：
10.1111/cdev.12361
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Dahl A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dahl A
关于帮助发展的理论对婴儿的日常经历做出不同的假设。然而，很少有研究调查家庭早期帮助。两项研究调查了美国中产阶级家庭11 - 25个月大婴儿的存在、鼓励和社会强化。在研究1中，76位母亲提供了对婴儿帮助的描述。研究二对51个家庭的自然互动进行了录像。从一岁左右开始，大多数婴儿都在家里帮忙。帮助的例子常常伴随着鼓励、感谢或赞扬。纵向和横断面研究结果与家庭成员的参与有助于婴儿帮助的观点一致，尽管家庭成员的作用可能取决于婴儿的年龄。这些发现对婴儿帮助的理论和研究具有启示意义。
Theories about the development of helping make different assumptions about infants’ everyday experiences. Yet little research has investigated early helping at home. Two studies investigated the presence, encouragement, and social reinforcement of helping in 11–25-month-old infants in U.S. middle-class families. In Study 1, 76 mothers provided descriptions of infant helping. Study 2 involved videotaping of naturalistic interactions in 51 families. From around the first birthday, most infants helped at home. Instances of helping were frequently accompanied by encouragement, thanking, or praising. Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings were consistent with the view that family members’ involvement contributes to infant helping, although the role of family members may depend on infant age. These findings have implications for theories and research about infant helping.