HERITABILITY OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN A SONG SPARROW POPULATION
HERITABILITY OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN A SONG SPARROW POPULATION
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歌麻雀种群某些形态性状的遗传力
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04698.x
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
R. Zach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James N. M. Smith;R. Zach
相关鸟类之间的适应性差异通常在喙的形态上最为明显，喙的巨大差异显然对饮食有重要影响（Lack，1947，1971; Bock，1970; Hespenheide，1973; Lederer，1975）。其他性状如翅长和跗长的种间差异也会影响觅食行为，从而影响饮食（Hespenheide，1973）。现代进化理论假设营养特征的微小差异在物种内是适应性的（Grant et al.，1976年）。这一原理的一个著名的理论表述是货车Valen（1965）的“生态位变异”假说，该假说提出营养性状的种内变异与饮食多样性呈正相关。这一假设的地位尚不清楚。一些研究未能支持它（Willson，1969; Soule和Stewart，1970; Lister，1976），但其他研究（罗斯坦，1973; Grant等人，1976）为这一点提供了证据。要评价种内形态变异的进化意义，必须研究数量性状的遗传力。一种方法是使用数量遗传学的标准亲子回归技术（法尔科纳，1960）。这种方法很少在野外使用（但见Perrins和Jones，1973），因为它需要在相对稳定的环境中定居的生物种群，在那里可以密切关注繁殖活动。岛屿人口-
Adaptive differences among related bird species are often most evident in beak morphology, and large differences in beaks are clearly important influences on diet (Lack, 1947, 1971; Bock, 1970; Hespenheide, 1973; Lederer, 1975). Interspecific variation in other characters such as wing length and tarsus length also can influence foraging behavior and hence diet (Hespenheide, 1973). Modern evolutionary theory assumes that small differences in trophic characters are adaptive within species (Grant et al., 1976). A well-known theoretical formulation of this principle is Van Valen's (1965) 'niche-variation' hypothesis, which proposes that intraspecific variation in trophic characters is positively correlated with diet diversity. The status of this hypothesis is unclear. Several studies have failed to support it (Willson, 1969; Soule and Stewart, 1970; Lister, 1976), but other studies (Rothstein, 1973; Grant et al., 1976) have provided evidence for it. To evaluate the evolutionary significance of intraspecific morphological variation, we must investigate the heritability of quantitative traits. One way is to use the standard parent-offspring regression techniques of quantitative genetics (Falconer, 1960). This method has seldom been used in the field (but see Perrins and Jones, 1973), because it requires sedentary populations of organisms in relatively stable environments where breeding activities can be followed closely. Island popula-