Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology.
Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.029
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Halden RU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heckenbach ME;Romero FN;Green MD;Halden RU
我们进行了一项荟萃分析，比较离子液体（IL）文献的总量（n = 39,036）和处理IL毒性的出版物（n = 213），目的是建立知识状态和现有的信息差距。此外，还分析了与利用IL （n = 3358）或处理IL毒性（n =112）的已发布专利相关的专利文献。总出版活动和专利数量用于衡量研究活动、工业使用和il的毒理学知识。确定了五种最常研究的IL阳离子，并用于建立毒性数据与商业用途潜力之间的关系：咪唑、铵、磷、吡啶和吡咯吡啶。所有IL位点的毒理学出版物占总出版活动的0.55%±0.27%；与其他工业化学品相比，这些数字表明，对这类化学品的不良影响的研究仍然不足。对il的毒性研究主要采用体外模型（18%）和海洋细菌（15%）作为研究的生物系统。全动物研究（n = 87）占IL毒性研究的31%，体内哺乳动物模型占8%。发现人类毒理学数据仅限于体外分析，表明存在大量知识空白。长期和慢性低水平接触白介素对任何模式生物的风险尚未确定，这再次强调有必要填补关于白介素对人类健康的影响和环境安全的关键知识空白。增加现有知识的分子毒性特性的IL可以帮助告知更环保，更低毒性和更良性的IL技术的设计。
A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the total amount of ionic liquid (IL) literature (n = 39,036) to the body of publications dealing with IL toxicity (n = 213) with the goal of establishing the state of knowledge and existing information gaps. Additionally, patent literature pertaining to issued patents utilizing ILs (n = 3,358) or dealing with IL toxicity (n =112) were analyzed. Total publishing activity and patent count served to gauge research activity, industrial usage and toxicology knowledge of ILs. Five of the most commonly studied IL cations were identified and used to establish a relationship between toxicity data and potential of commercial use: imidazolium, ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium. Toxicology publications for all IL cations represented 0.55% ± 0.27% of the total publishing activity; compared with other industrial chemicals, these numbers indicate that there is still a paucity of studies on the adverse effects of this class of chemical. Toxicity studies on ILs were dominated by the use of in vitro models (18%) and marine bacteria (15%) as studied biological systems. Whole animal studies (n = 87) comprised 31% of IL toxicity studies, with a subset of in vivo mammalian models consisting of 8%. Human toxicology data were found to be limited to in vitro analyses, indicating substantial knowledge gaps. Risks from long-term and chronic low-level exposure to ILs have not been established yet for any model organisms, reemphasizing the need to fill crucial knowledge gaps concerning human health effects and the environmental safety of ILs. Adding to the existing knowledge of the molecular toxicity characteristics of ILs can help inform the design of greener, less toxic and more benign IL technologies.